History events
1775 — (4th of Tishrei, 5536) First congregation founded at Stockholm
1791 (29 Elul 5551). The Constituent Assembly of Alsace granted civil rights to Jews.
1882 (15 Tishrei 5643). Rabbi Moliver visited Baron Edmond de Rothschild and persuaded him to invest in the Jewish colonization of Palestine. For about 50 years, Rothschild funded the draining of swamps, the digging of wells, and the construction of houses in the Land of Israel.
1937 (23 Tishrei 5698). English Governor of Galilee, A. Andrews, was assassinated by Arabs as a protest against Britain’s plans to partition Palestine into two states.
1941 (7 Tishrei 5702). The Shoah. In Kyiv, a notice titled “To all the Jews of the city of Kyiv” was posted, calling on Jews to appear on Monday, 29 September, at 8 a.m. at a designated location; at the same time, a rumour was spread that the Jews were being gathered for resettlement. Executions of Jewish prisoners of war began; they had been selected at the POW camp on Kerosinnaya Street in Kyiv (3 000 people were to be executed). In the villages of Kamenka, Pechanovka, and Miropol (Dzerzhinsky district, Zhytomyr Oblast), a number of Jews were shot (more than 200 people in total)
1942 — (17th of Tishrei, 5703) Нolocaust. ….. The Nazis activated a new train schedule that included the following daily direct transports: one train a day from Radom to Treblinka, one train a day from Cracow to Belzec, and one train a day would go from Lvov to Belzec. Each train would consist of 50 cars and carry 2,000 Jews. By November two more direct connections would be established: Lublin to Sobibor and Chlemno to Sobibor
1943 (28 Elul 5703). The Shoah. The German authorities in Copenhagen received orders to begin the deportation of Jews. Reichskommissar Werner Best immediately replied that the order would be carried out that same week, most likely on the night of 1–2 October. The Reichskommissar informed his naval attaché Duckwitz of the upcoming events. The next day, the office of the Danish Prime Minister received a message about the planned deportation of Jews in three days
1943 — (28th of Elul, 5703) Нolocaust. Over a forty-eight hour period Roman Jews deliver 50 kilograms of gold to the Gestapo in Rome, as ordered. ….. Pope Pius XII had offered to lend the Italian Jews 15 kilograms of gold if they could not collect the full amount themselves. In the end, it does not matter. The Germans lied, taking the gold and the Jews
1944 (11 Tishrei 5705). The formation of the Jewish Brigade began in the British Army. The brigade was made up of soldiers who were residents of Eretz Israel, Jewish subjects of Great Britain, and Jewish refugees from Europe. The brigade included three infantry battalions, an artillery battery, an engineer company, a signals company, a transport company, a medical company, and other support units. The brigade’s commander was appointed to be the Canadian Jew, Brigadier Ernest Frank Benjamin.
1944 (11 Tishrei 5705). Highly classified “MATERIALS OF THE INVESTIGATION BY THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY (Bolsheviks) OF UKRAINE OF THE SPECIAL REPORT BY THE PEOPLE’S COMMISSARIAT FOR STATE SECURITY OF THE UKRAINIAN SSR” on the alleged rise of anti‑Semitic manifestations in Ukraine and “On nationalist manifestations by individual representatives of the Jewish population” (see 18 September 1944). On the issue of anti‑Semitic manifestations: “The verification of the facts cited in the report established… the existence of a number of instances of anti‑Semitic manifestations that occurred over the past 5–6 months. …It was established that the ‘facts of anti‑Semitic manifestations’ are isolated in nature and generally arose from hooliganism or housing and other domestic issues. The root cause of these anti‑Semitic manifestations lies primarily in the traces of Nazi propaganda (or the provocative activities of German agents) and the propaganda carried out by Ukrainian nationalists against Jews during the occupation… The examples cited in the report do not reflect the true political and moral sentiments of the population and cannot serve as material for generalizations about such manifestations, much less about a growing trend of anti‑Semitism among the local population in Ukraine.”
On nationalist manifestations by individual representatives of the Jewish population: “Due to the weakness of work in this area, the NKGB was unaware of such an incident as an attempt by Zionist elements to organize a mass demonstration of the Jewish population in Kyiv on the anniversary of the Babi Yar massacre carried out by the Germans.”
“The special report by the NKGB to the Central Committee of the CP(b)U on ‘anti‑Semitic manifestations in Ukraine’ is based on randomly collected facts, is fundamentally incorrect, and distorts the real sentiments of the population in Ukraine. The individual instances of anti‑Semitic manifestations identified during the verification, as well as the individual cases of nationalist activity by representatives of the Jewish population, are isolated incidents and do not indicate the existence of any mass phenomena of this kind in Ukraine.”
1948 (24 Elul 5708). The War of Independence. As a result of the IDF operation “The Ten Plagues of Egypt,” Egyptian troops were encircled in the area of the Arab village of Islud (present‑day Ashdod) and barely managed to escape. The Arab residents of the village left with them
1951 (27 Elul 5711). An Israeli law regulating the employment relationship between employee and employer came into effect.
1951 — (27th of Elul, 5711) “Israel’s waterfront, only border now open to the rest of the world, is being rapidly improved to handle its increased shipping activity and expanding young merchant marine, Raphael Recanati, general manager here of the Israel-America Line,” said here today. Mr. Recanati spoke glowingly of the improvements that have been made at the Port of Haifa and plans to improve conditions at the underutilized facilities at Tel Aviv. He also reported that the Israel-America line will add another freighter to its fleet, bringing to eight, the number of vessels plying the waters between the east coast of the United and the ports of Haifa and Tel Aviv
1954 (1 Tishrei 5715). The Israeli ship Bat‑Galim approached the Suez Canal from the south. Israel’s intention was that Cairo’s refusal to allow the ship free passage through the canal would compel the United Nations to address the issue and oblige Egypt to respect international agreements. Instead, the Egyptians seized the Bat‑Galim and imprisoned its crew. In December 1954 and January 1955, the issue was again brought to the attention of the UN — with the same result. The outcome of this futile attempt to force Cairo to open the Suez Canal to Israeli ships was the confiscation of the Bat‑Galim and the arrest of its crew. The Israeli sailors spent about four months in an Egyptian prison, where they were subjected to torture, beatings, and humiliation. They were finally released in January 1955. They were transported by truck from Cairo to the Gaza Strip, to the border near Kibbutz Kerem Shalom, dropped off, and told to walk towards Israel. At home, the freed sailors received an enthusiastic welcome; they were hailed everywhere as national heroes. However, the end of this story turned out to be rather unsavoury. The ship’s captain, Yitzhak Shidlo, demanded that the Ministry of Defense pay the crew per diem for the time spent in prison — about 100 days. The authorities, however, refused to meet this demand on the grounds that the sailors had not needed to pay for food and lodging during their imprisonment, since the Egyptian authorities had provided these free of charge. After the arrest of the Bat‑Galim crew, Israel abandoned further attempts to influence Egypt’s position. For the first time, a ship flying the Israeli flag — the cargo vessel Ashdod — crossed the Suez Canal on 30 April 1979, a month after the signing of the Israeli‑Egyptian peace treaty
1956 — (23th of Tishrei, 5717) An Israeli delegation headed by Golda Meir that included Moshe Dayan, Moshe Carmel and Shimon Peres left Lod airport for a secret trip to Paris, the purpose of which was to explore the possibility of coordinating an attack on Egypt
1969 (16 Tishrei 5730). A terrorist attack. A TWA aircraft was hijacked by Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) terrorists over the Adriatic Sea. Of the 101 passengers on board, 6 were Israelis — 4 women and 2 men. The plane landed in Syria. The Israelis were taken hostage. The women were released shortly thereafter, and the men were freed on 6 December as part of a prisoner exchange.
1973 (2 Tishrei 5734). Arabs kidnapped three immigrants from the USSR in Austria, demanding the closure of the Schönau transit camp
1982 — (11th of Tishrei, 5743) Today the Israeli government established the Kahan Commission which four months later found Israel to be indirectly responsible for the massacres, and recommended Ariel Sharon’s resignation.
1995 (4 Tishrei 5756). The signing of the Oslo II Accord. Under the Oslo II agreement, Judea and Samaria were divided into three zones — A, B, and C. Zone A (almost all major cities in the autonomy, except Hebron) was placed under Palestinian authority. Zone B was to be jointly controlled. Zone C remained under Israeli control. The Oslo II Accord also provided for Israel to arm 12 000 Arab police officers. At the time, Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin stated that if that weaponry were ever used against Israel, the army would enter the autonomy and disarm the Arabs. In addition, Israel released several hundred Palestinian prisoners from jail
2000 — Ariel Sharon and an escort of over 1,000 Israeli police officers visited the Temple Mount complex, ….. site of the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque, the holiest place in the world to Jews and the third holiest site in Islam. Al Aqsa Intifada began. While there are those who claim that the violence was a spontaneous response of Ariel Sharon to the Temple Mount, the reality differs from what might politely be called an Urban Myth. The Al Aqsa Intifada was the orchestrated response of Arafat to the Camp David proposals of Ehud Barak and backed by President Clinton. Arab history is replete with using violence as a response to diplomatic negotiations
2005 — (28th of Elul, 5760) The Jerusalem Post reported two major archeological finds. ….. First and foremost was a First-Temple period seal discovered amidst piles of rubble from Jerusalem’s Temple Mount, The small-less than 1 cm — seal impression, or bulla, was discovered by Bar-Ilan University archaeologist Dr. Gabriel Barkay amidst piles of rubble from the Temple Mount This marks the first time that an written artifact was found from the Temple Mount dating back to the First Temple period. The 2,600 year old artifact, with three lines in ancient Hebrew, was discovered amidst piles of rubble discarded by the Islamic Wakf that Barkay and a team of young archaeologists and volunteers are sifting through on the grounds of a Jerusalem national park. The seal, which predates the destruction of the First Jewish temple in 586 BCE, was presented Tuesday night, September 27, to the press at an archaeological conference at the City of David sponsored by the right-wing Elad organization. Barkay said that the find was the first of its kind from the time of King David. He has not yet determined what the writing is on the seal, although three Hebrew letters — thought to be the name of its owner — are visible on one of its line. The seal was found amidst thousands of tons of rubble discarded by Wakf officials at city garbage dumps six years ago, following the Islamic Trust’s unilateral construction of an mosque at an underground compound of the Temple Mount known as the Solomon’s Stables. Secondly, in a separate major archaeological development in Jerusalem, a Jewish ritual bath, or mikva, dating back to the Second Temple period, and a First Temple Wall have been found in an underground chamber adjacent to the Western Wall tunnels. The announcement came from Jon, Seligman, Jerusalem regional archaeologist for the Antiquities Authority’
2011 (29 Elul 5771). Ahead of the new year 5772, population statistics for Israel were released. The population numbered 7 797 400 people, of whom 5 874 300 were Jews, 1 600 100 were Arabs, and 323 000 were citizens of other nationalities.
2023 (13 Tishrei 5784). A multi‑level transport interchange was opened on Shazar Boulevard at the entrance to Jerusalem.
2024 (25 Elul 5784). Operation “Northern Arrows.” To prevent Hezbollah from receiving weapons via Syria and Iran, the IDF imposed a military blockade on Lebanon
People
1870 — (3th of Tishrei, 5631) In Novaya Michailovka, Russia, Yitzchak and Beyla Shapira gave birth Avraham Shaipria, “the legendary pioneer shomer of Petach Tikva
1888 (23 Tishrei 5649). Alexander Aaronsohn was born — one of the founders of the NILI organization. He died on 28 March 1948.
1900 B. Yefimov, a cartoonist, was born. He died on 1 October 2008.
1901 William Samuel Paley, a pioneer of radio and television, was born. He died on 26 October 1990.
1913 I. Friedlander, a world‑renowned scientist in the field of aluminium, magnesium, and beryllium alloys, was born. He died in 2009.
1915 Ethel Rosenberg was born; she was executed on 19 June 1953 in the electric chair for passing American classified materials on atomic weapon development to the USSR.
1916 — (1th of Tishrei, 5677) Birthdate of Yizhar Smilansky who was better known by his pen name Samech Yizhar He was an Israeli writer and a great innovator in modern Hebrew literature
1925 (10 Tishrei 5686). Avraham Dar was born in Jerusalem — one of the founders of Israeli intelligence. He died on 2 December 2019
1926 — (20th of Tishrei, 5687) Birthdate of Mordechai “Mottie” Hod, the sabra from Degania who commanded the Israeli Air Force during the Six Day War in 1967
1929 (23 Elul 5689). Israel Belkind died at the age of 68. He was one of the founders of BILU. In 1882, he led the first group of members of this organization to Eretz Israel. He actively opposed the activities of Baron Edmond de Rothschild’s representatives and was expelled by them from Rishon LeZion. He settled in Hadera and taught at a school in Jerusalem. In 1928, his book on the geography of Palestine, Eretz Israel Today, was published
1970 — Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt died. ….. Nasser had come to power as a reformer in the 1950’s. The Israelis had hoped that Nasser would make peace with the Jewish state. However, Nasser saw himself as Pan Arab leader who would unite the Arabs/Moslems in one unified entity from Morocco to Indonesia while driving the Western Imperialists from this domain. Nasser was committed to the destruction of Israel. He did not hate the West because of Israel. As he said, he hated Israel because it was of the West. Nasser was replaced by Sadat who made history with his trip to Jerusalem and the Camp David Accords
1975 (23 Tishrei 5736). Leonid Krayzelburg was born in Odessa — a famous swimmer and four‑time Olympic champion. He competed for the US national team.
1997 (26 Elul 5757). Ho Feng‑Shan, a Chinese diplomat who saved Jews during the war and was recognized as a Righteous Among the Nations, died.
2012 (12 Tishrei 5773). Avraham Adan, who in his youth earned the nickname “Bren” after the British light machine gun, died at the age of 86. During the War of Independence, he commanded a company of the 7th Battalion of the Negev Brigade. After the conclusion of Operation Ovda — the last operation of the War of Independence — Adan’s company reached the Red Sea coast, captured the police station in the coastal settlement of Umm Rashrash (now Eilat), and hoisted the historic “ink flag.” During the Six‑Day War, he served as deputy commander of the 31st Division, which fought in the Sinai. During the Yom Kippur War, he was commander of the 162nd Division, which, despite heavy losses, succeeded in encircling the Egyptian 3rd Army.
2025 (6 Tishrei 5786). In Samaria, on Highway 60 near Kdumim, Staff Sergeant Inbar Avraham Kav, aged 20, was killed in a car‑ramming terrorist attack.