History events
1476 (16 Elul 5236). In Guadalajara, Spain, the printer Solomon ben Moses Halevi Alkabetz published Rashi’s commentary on the Pentateuch.
1499 (1 Tishrei 5260). A decree by King Ferdinand extending the expulsion measure, already imposed on other Jews, to Jews who had recently arrived in Spain.
1736 (11 Tishrei 5497). Hundreds of Jews in Poznań were thrown into prison and subjected to torture due to a blood libel.
1819 (15 Elul 5579). A pogrom against Jews in Copenhagen, mentioned by H. C. Andersen in his autobiography.
1941 (13 Elul 5701). The Shoah. Units of the Police Regiment “South” shot 144 Jews. In Kryve Ozero (Odesa Oblast), 42 Jews were shot; in Veselynove (Mykolaiv Oblast), 40 Jews were shot. The German civil administration in Ternopil issued an order to establish a Jewish residential district in the city; Jews were required to move there by 25 September 1941. In Zhytomyr, a registration of Jews was carried out; 4 820 Jews were recorded.
1942 (23 Elul 5702). The Shoah. 6 500 Jews were deported from Skole, Khodoriv, Rozdil, Mykolaiv, Zhydachiv, Zhuravno, and Berezdivtsi (Lviv Oblast) to Bełżec, and 450 from Bolekhiv (Ivano‑Frankivsk Oblast); 600 were killed on the spot. In Balyn (Khmelnytskyi Oblast), about 250 Jews were shot, and artisans were relocated to Kamianets‑Podilskyi. About 9 000 Jews were executed in the “Gorokhiv district” (Volyn Oblast): 2 500 in Gorokhiv, about 3 000 in Berestechko, about 3 000 in Lokachi, and 500 in Druzhkopol. Additionally, 700 Jews were shot in Melnytsia, and all Jews in Holoby (Volyn Oblast) were murdered. 2 800 Jews from Pyatigorsk, Goryachevodsk, and the settlements of Svobody, Novo‑Pyatigorsk, and Krasnaya Slobodka were gathered in cavalry barracks (near the necropolis in Pyatigorsk) with a three‑day food ration and personal belongings for relocation. This was a carefully planned and disguised operation by Gestapo chief Vinz to massacre the Jews. On his orders, Gestapo officers brought small groups, including children, to the vehicles, confiscated their belongings, and packed up to 40 people into the hermetically sealed vans (mobile gas chambers) until they were full. The vans were then driven to an anti‑tank ditch near the Mineralnye Vody station. According to witnesses, the sealed interior of the vehicle was divided into compartments with wire mesh to force as many as 40 people inside.
1942 (23 Elul 5702). The deportation of children under 10 years old and elderly people over 65 years old from the Łódź ghetto to the Kulmhof concentration camp began. It lasted a week, until 12 September. A total of 15 859 people were exterminated.
1969 (22 Elul 5729). The first F‑4 Phantom aircraft purchased from the USA arrived in Israel.
1972 — (26rd of Elul, 5732) Munich massacre
1978 — (3rd of Elul, 5738) Sadat, Begin and Carter began the peace conference at Camp David, Maryland. These talks would produce the first peace treaty between Israel and one of its Arab neighbors.
1997 — (3rd of Elul, 5757) Twelve Israeli naval commandos were killed in an attack against a Hezbollah installation
1999 (24 Elul 5759). An agreement with the PLO on the withdrawal of the IDF from Judea, Samaria, and Gaza, the release of Arab prisoners, and the construction of a port in Gaza.
2007 (22 Elul 5767). The Israeli Air Force destroyed a nuclear reactor under construction in Syria.
2009 (16 Elul 5769). About 500 demonstrators, including neo‑Nazis and skinheads, staged a pogrom in the traditional Jewish district of Budapest.
2012 (18 Elul 5772). Specialists from the Fish Farming Division of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture released 200 000 Amnon fish fingerlings into Lake Kinneret. The fingerlings had been raised in ponds at Kibbutz Ginosar
People
1764 — (8rd of Elul, 5524) Henrietta Herz, leader of Berlin salon, born
1791 — (6rd of Elul, 5551) Birthdate of Giacomo Meyerbeer. Born Jacob Liebmann Beer, Meyebeer was a successful German- born composer for opera.
1905 — (5rd of Elul, 5665) In Budapest, Henrik Koestler and Adela Jeiteles Koestler gave birth to Arthur Koestler
1906 — Shimon Agranat was born — the third Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Israel. He headed an independent commission investigating the actions of the authorities during the Yom Kippur War. He died on 10 August 1992.
1917 (18 Elul 5677). Yaakov Eliach was born — one of the founders of the LEHI organization. He died on 25 February 1985
2003 — (8th of Elul, 5763) Twenty-seven year old Mordechai Laufter of Netanya died today of wounds suffered during a bus bombing in the Shmuel HaNavi Quarter of Jerusalem