History events
70 — (4th of Tishrei, 3831) The walls of the upper city of Jerusalem were battered down by the Roman army
1540 — (26th of Tishrei, 5301) The Society of Jesus known as The Jesuits was founded by Ignatius Loyola. ….. The first Jesuits were Spanish Christians who began their work at a time when the reconquest of Spain from the Moslems was but recently accomplished, and persons with Moorish or Jewish ancestry were under suspicion. It is accordingly much to their credit that the Jesuits were firmly opposed (particularly under Ignatius and his first three successors as Superior General of the Jesuits) to ecclesiastical anti-Semitism and to the Inquisition’s persecution of suspected Jews. When Ignatius was accused of having partly Jewish ancestry, he replied, «If only I did! What could be more glorious than to be of the same blood as the Apostles, the Blessed Virgin, and our Lord Himself?»
1791 — (28th of Tishrei, 5551) Emancipation of the Jews of France
1913 — (25 Elul 5563) The Beilis Affair. The right-wing newspaper Kievlianin, which aligned itself with the «Union of the Russian People,» published a leading editorial in defense of the accused Beilis. The issue was not released; it was confiscated by the police. For this article, the editor Shulgin was put on trial on the grounds of «disseminating deliberately false information about senior officials in the press…»
1914 — (7 Tishrei 5675) A pogrom in Lviv, carried out by Russian troops, primarily Cossacks, with local Ukrainians also taking part; it went down in history as «Bloody Sunday.»
1920 — (15 Tishrei 5681) The Spanish government recognized the Jewish community of the country as equal to other religious organizations
1926 — (19th of Tishrei, 5687) “The Palestine Electric Corporation, Ltd. Formed to develop the Rutenberg concession for the electrification of Palestine announced today that Lord Reading, the ex-Viceroy to India, Sir Alfred Mond, Sir Hugo Hirst and James de Rothschild” have agreed to join the company’s Board of Directors and that “Lord Reading will be Chairman of the Board of Directors.
1930 — (5th of Tishrei, 5691) When the Yiddish talking film “The Jewish Mother,” ….. an American production was presented for the first time tonight at the Mograbi Theatre in Tel Aviv a mob of several thousands of Jews gathered outside the theatre shouting ‘Down with Yiddish! Hebrew is our language. Several young men, members of the ‘Army for the Defense of the Hebrew Langue,’ broke into the theatre and threw tear bombs. They also hurled ink bottles at the screen. Policemen immediately were sent to the scene and found it almost impossible to force their way through the huge mob. They finally succeeded in arresting about a dozen of the ringleaders and dispersing the mob. The show was then continued, but soon afterwards an even larger mob again gathered and the authorities found it necessary to order that the show be discontinued. Even then the crowd refused leave until all the lights in the theatre were out
1936 — (11th of Tishrei, 5697) At Yankee Stadium a crowd of more than 30,000 people saw the better teamwork of the Maccabees, soccer champions of Palestine, route the New York State Football Association All-Stars 6 to 0 in a contest sponsored by the Federation of Polish Jewish in America the proceeds of which will be shared by the American Committee for the Relief of Jews in Poland and the Maccabee Tel Aviv Sports Organization in Palestine
1939 — (14th of Tishrei, 5700) Нolocaust. Berlin issues a command to establish Jewish ghettos in Poland on the same day that formal Polish military resistance collapses
1940 — (24 Elul 5700) Shoah. In German-occupied France, a decree was published by the occupation authorities ordering a census of the Jewish population: «Jews are considered to be those who belong or belonged to the Jewish religion, or who have more than two Jewish grandparents.»
1941 — (6 Tishrei 5702) Shoah. Near Nikopol, servicemen of the 10th Regiment of the SS Motorized Infantry Brigade shot dead 5 Jews.
1941 — (6 Tishrei 5702) Shoah. A ghetto was established in Lyubavichi.
1941 — (6 Tishrei 5702) Shoah. In Troitskoye (Odessa region), 74 Jews were shot. The 637th Propaganda Company reported to the 1st Department of the 6th Army Headquarters that «2,000 wall posters for Kiev were printed in the ‘Eastern Front’ printing house, demanding that Jews report to a designated location.» The Jews of Kremenchug received an order to relocate to barracks 2 km from the city; 1,100 Jews complied with the order.
1941 — (6th of Tishrei, 5702) Нolocaust. The two day massacre of the Jews began at at Kamenets-Podolsk, in the Ukraine
1942 — (16th of Tishrei, 5703) Нolocaust. ….. An additional 897 French Jews were killed at Berkenau; Several hundred Belgian Jews were killed at Berkenau; Three hundred cold and hungry women and children, part of the 1000 Jews still at large following a September 24 escape from the ghetto at Tuchin, Ukraine, return to the city under German promises of safe repatriation. All 300 are shot. Of the 700 Tuchin Jews who remained at large, only about 20 will survive the war; The ghetto at Parysow, Poland was liquidated when it 3,500 inhabitants were shipped to Treblinka
1943 — (27th of Elul, 5703) Нolocaust. ….. Ugo Foa, head of the Jewish community in Rome approached the Vatican in hopes of getting a Papal loan for the fifty kilograms of gold the SS was demanding if the Jews were to avoid deportation to the death camps. In a rare act designed to save Jews, Pius XII approved the request. Funds were never released since the Jews, acting in desperation, raised the funds on their own
1944 — (10 Tishrei 5705) Fighters of the Etzel, led by M. Begin, attacked police stations in Haifa, Kalkilya, Beit Dagon, and Qatra, and in Qatra they seized a machine gun and 10 rifles from the station building. With this show of force, Begin hoped to convince the British government that «the people of Israel could be its strong and significant ally, provided they were granted independence.»
1948 — (23 Elul 5708) The Israel national football team played its first match in the history of the newly independent, recently proclaimed Israel. In New York, they lost to the US national team 1:3
1948 — (23th of Elul, 5708) During Operation Velvetta five Spitfires flown by Israeli pilots began a 2,500 mile from Yugoslavia to Israel, much of which was over open water without modern navigational aids. Two ran out of gas and were forced to land on the island of Rhodes. The other three made it safely to Ramat David
1950 — (16th of Tishrei, 5711) The Third Maccabiah, Jewish equivalent of the Olympic Games, opened today at the new stadium in suburban Ramat Gan, where about 30,000 persons watched a parade of athletes from twenty countries…
1955 — (11 Tishrei 5716) The Czechoslovakia-Egypt arms deal (200 fighters and bombers, 230 tanks, 230 armored personnel carriers, 100 self-propelled guns, 500 other artillery pieces, anti-submarine ships and destroyers, 6 submarines), which completely changed the balance of power in the Middle East and forced the Israeli leadership to urgently seek ways to rearm as well.
1961 — (17 Tishrei 5722) Members of Kibbutz Tzara allowed children to sleep in their parents’ homes. Other kibbutzim followed suit. The decision of Kibbutz Tzara is considered the end of the classical kibbutz movement
1962 — (28th of Elul, 5722) The United States sold Hawk anti-aircraft missiles to Israel
1967 — (22 Elul 5727) The restoration of Gush Etzion began: Kfar Etzion, Revidim, Ein Tzurim. The first group of settlers arrived at the site
1978 — (25th of Elul, 5738) The Knesset approved the Camp David Accords with 84 affirmative voted, 19 opposed and 17 abstentions
2005 — (23 Elul 5765) Asher Weisgan, a settler from Shvut Rachel, was sentenced by the court to four life terms plus an additional 12 years in prison for the murder of four Arabs and the wounding of one in the industrial zone of the Shilo settlement on August 12, 2005. He committed the crime in an attempt to prevent the evacuation of the Gaza settlements. In December 2006, Weisgan hanged himself in his cell.
2006 — (5th of Tishrei, 5767) Jerusalem District Court sentenced a Jewish settler to four consecutive life sentences plus an additional 12 years in prison for murdering four Palestinian men
2006 — (5 Tishrei 5767) The premiere of an unknown version of Dmitri Shostakovich’s symphony «Babi Yar» took place in New York; he conceived it after reading Yevgeny Yevtushenko’s poem «Babi Yar.»
2008 — (27 Elul 5768) Arabs fired on a car with Israeli license plates near the Jewish settlement of Alei Zahav; one person was wounded. Alei Zahav was founded in 1983 and is located in western Samaria, at an elevation of about 370 meters above sea level.
2009 — (9 Tishrei 5770) Tens of thousands of Israelis from all over the country spent the night from Saturday to Sunday at the foot of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, reciting «Slichot.» Hundreds of thousands of Israelis across the country remained in synagogues that night — the last night before Yom Kippur, the last opportunity to say «Slichot.»
2009 — (9 Tishrei 5770) Mass riots by Arabs in Jerusalem, sparked by 150 Jewish tourists ascending the Temple Mount during Friday prayers, accompanied by police. During the day, 17 police officers and border guards were injured, as well as 20 Arabs. In the afternoon, near the village of Isawiya adjacent to Jerusalem, on the highway leading to the city of Ma’ale Adumim, Arabs threw stones at cars with Israeli license plates. Hamas called on Arabs living in the settlements of Judea and Samaria to launch an intifada «to protect the Al-Aqsa Mosque.»
2010 — (19 Tishrei 5771) Terror attack. Arabs fired on a car near the settlement of Teneh Omarim; pregnant Neta Shuker was wounded, and her husband Sharon Shuker sustained shrapnel wounds. Teneh Omarim was established as a Nahal outpost in 1983. It is located in the southern Hebron Hills.
2024 — (24 Elul 5784) Operation «Northern Arrows.» As a result of an airstrike on the Hezbollah headquarters in Beirut, its leader, Sheikh Hassan Nasrallah, was killed.
People
1786 — (5th of Tishrei, 5547) Birthdate of Abraham Ben Samuel Firkovich, the native of Lutsk, Volhynia who became a leading Karaite archeologist
1885 — Gustav Schröder was born — a German sailor, captain of the cruise liner St. Louis, who gained fame for his attempt to save 937 Jewish emigrants from Nazi persecution in 1939. Righteous Among the Nations. Died January 10, 1959.
1916 — I. Smilansky was born — an Israeli writer. Died August 21, 2006.
1922 — Arthur Penn was born — an American film director and producer. Died September 28, 2010.
2007 — (15 Tishrei 5768) At the age of 94, the former Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel, head of the «Merkaz HaRav» yeshiva, and spiritual leader of the national camp, Rabbi Avraham Elkana Shapira, passed away