History events
1451 (24 Tishrei 5212). A bull of Pope Nicholas V permitting Duke Frederick V of Styria to tolerate Jews in all his domains, including Austria, Carinthia, Carniola, Styria, Tyrol, and Alsace. This permission was granted because Jews were allowed to engage in moneylending (which was prohibited for Christians).
1457 (2 Tishrei 5218). Pope Nicholas V issued a bull permitting Jews to live in Austria, including in Carinthia, Styria, and Tyrol. The bull was secured by Duke Frederick III (Emperor of Germany in 1440–1493), to whom the Austrian lands passed in 1457. However, the estates demanded that the emperor confirm the ban on Jews residing in Austria. Hostile feelings toward Jews were stoked by the Catholic clergy. Nevertheless, Jews continued to settle in lands from which they had previously been expelled. The emperor managed to obtain from Pope Paul II a bull issued in 1469 (on 31 May 1469), declaring that Jews had the right to demand fair treatment. The emperor protected Jews from blood libels. His favourable attitude toward Jews led to him being contemptuously called the “King of the Jews” in Austria
1701 — (28th of Elul, 5461) In Great Britain, Bevis Marks Synagogue inaugurated
1775 — (25th of Elul, 5535) Maria Theresa issued an order allowing Jews to “keep tanneries” which was the third of three orders that would appear to show a desire to improve the economic conditions of the Jews
1870 — (24th of Elul, 5630) Ghetto at Rome abolished
1901 (7 Tishrei 5662). The Italian Zionist Federation was established.
1921 (17 Elul 5681). The Gorodishche pogrom during the Civil War. It lasted two days
1925 — (2th of Tishrei, 5686) The fourteen Yiddish theaters in Greater New York, opened the season of 1925-26 on the second day of Rosh Hashanah and all have played to capacity houses.
1939 — (7th of Tishrei, 5700) All radios owned by Jews in Greater Germany were confiscated
1939 — (7 Tishrei 5700). The Shoah. In Sofia, with the tacit consent of the police, militants of the Bulgarian nationalist organization “Ratnik” staged a demonstrative parade, during which they smashed shop windows and set fire to stores owned by Jews
1941 — (28th of Elul, 5701) Several thousand Jews, mostly women and children from Kovno, Lithuania, are executed at the local synagogue after being held there for three days
1941 (28 Elul 5701). The Shoah. Operational Team 5 shot 850 Jews in Skvira (Kyiv Oblast), and the headquarters company of the Higher SS and Police Leader in Southern Russia shot 3 200 Jews in Novohrad‑Volynskyi (Zhytomyr Oblast). From Krasni Okna (Odesa Oblast), 2 000 Jews were driven to Dubăsari and shot there
1942 — (9th of Tishrei, 5703) In Letychiv, Ukraine, the SS starts a two day murder spree that claims the lives of at least 3,000 Jews.
1943 — (20th of Elul, 5703) One thousand Jewish inmates of the camp at Szebnie, Poland, are trucked to a nearby field, stripped naked and executed with machine guns. The bodies are burned and the bones thrown into the Jasiolka River. Those who had been ordered to pile the dead bodies onto a pyre were then shot to death as well.
1944 — (3th of Tishrei, 5705) The Jewish Brigade Group is formed by the British high command. ….. After a long battle by Chaim Weizmann and Moshe Sharret, the British agreed to the establishment of a Jewish Army to fight alongside British troops. In all over 5000 people from pre-state Israel including many who had fled from Europe enlisted. Seven hundred of them lost their lives. After the war they formed the nucleus for those working to get Jews from Italy and the Balkans by legal or illegal efforts
1948 — (16th of Elul, 5708) Today, “following the Altalena incident” battalions of the IZL which had been “fighting in Jerusalem…were disbanded and their soldiers joined the IDF on an individual basis” in accord with Ordinance No. 4 which established the IDF as Israel’s only military force
1951 — (19th of Elul, 5711) In a speech given at the Jerusalem Shoe Company ….. marking the end of Industry Week Israel’s Finance Minister Eliezer Kaplan announced “a program to mobilize $300,000,000 for new industrial projects in the next three years. In his speech Kaplan declared, “Some think Israel needs pity. But I say we need assistance. We are building at a tremendous tempo and Israel is surmounting its difficulties
1953 (11 Tishrei 5714). The opening ceremony of the fourth Maccabiah Games in Ramat Gan
1959 — (17th of Elul, 5719) In Cologne, the Roonstrasse Synagogue which was originally dedicated in 1899 and destroyed during Kristallnacht was reopened with a formal dedication ceremony today
1989 (20 Elul 5749). The largest forest fire on Mount Carmiel began the day before. The Air Force took an active part in extinguishing it. Helicopters used a special firefighting system for the first time — a tank carried by the helicopter on an external sling, holding 5 tons of water.
2007 (8 Tishrei 5768). Israel. Representatives of the Jewish National Fund and the Land Administration agreed on new rules for selling land to any buyer, without any ethnic restrictions. In exchange, when a plot of land owned by the JNF is sold to a non‑Jew, the Land Administration must compensate for this with another plot of land so that the area of Jewish‑owned land remains unchanged.
2008 (20 Elul 5768). The intergovernmental agreement between Russia and Israel on waiving visa requirements for mutual travel by citizens of the two countries came into effect.
2017 (29 Elul 5777). The new Carmiel–Tel Aviv railway line was put into operation.
2018 (11 Tishrei 5779). A new railway line from Ben Gurion International Airport to Jerusalem was opened.
2022 (24 Elul 5782). A terrorist attack. In the evening in Holon, an Arab killed a passerby — an 85‑year‑old woman.
2024 (17 Elul 5784). As a result of an IDF airstrike on a target in southern Beirut, Ibrahim Aqil, commander of Hezbollah’s special operations, and 17 other people (including at least 16 senior commanders) were killed. About 60 people were injured.
Рeople
1012 (1 Tishrei 4773). Rabbi Amnon died; he is the author of the solemn prayer “Unetaneh Tokef,” recited during the Musaf service on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur
1487 — Gedaliah Yaḥya, writer on history, died
1789 (29 Elul 5549). Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn (“Tzemach Tzedek”), the third leader of the Lubavitch movement, was born. He died on 29 March 1866.
1874 — Mordechai Ze’ev Fiarbrg, a Jewish writer, was born. He died on 2 March 1899.
1888 — Elisheva (Elizaveta Ivanovna Zhirkova), a Hebrew poetess, was born. She died in 1949.
1890 (6 Tishrei 5651). Rachel, a Hebrew poetess, was born. She died on 16 April 1931.
1917 (4 Tishrei 5678). Arnold Jacob Auerbach, the legendary American basketball coach, was born in Brooklyn. He died on 28 October 2006.
1920 — Natan Yonatan, an Israeli poet, was born. He died in 2004