History events
1394 — (22 Tishrei 5155) King Charles VI of France unexpectedly published an ordinance, the content of which amounted to the following: complaints had reached him caused by the dishonesty and bad conduct of the Jews towards Christians; investigators conducting inquiries had established a number of cases of violation of the agreement concluded by the Jews with him. In view of this, he issues an irrevocable law, by virtue of which henceforth no Jew has the right to reside in his domains. The Jews were given a reprieve so that they might have the opportunity to sell their property and pay their debts. Debtors of the Jews were also obliged to pay their debts to them within a certain period, but later the king relieved Christians of the obligation to pay their debts to the Jews. The number of exiles was, in all probability, small; due to the difficult situation, few Jews remained in the country. There is no mention of the expulsion in Jewish literature, but there is much data showing the gradual decline of Jewry during the 36-year period that elapsed between the return and the new expulsion.
1394 — (22 Tishrei 5155) On Yom Kippur, a pogrom of the Jewish quarter of Paris.
1593 — (1 Tishrei 5354) A firman of the Sultan of Turkey, Murad III (1574–1595), confirming the «act of liberation granted to the Jewish communities by the late Sultan Mehmed Khan II.» It stated that communities were exempted from certain taxes: «Henceforth it is forbidden to demand from Jewish communities taxes on meat sales, money exchange, or for the maintenance of guards. They are also exempted from all ordinary levies.»
1794 — (22th of Elul, 5554) Polish General Thaddeus Koscuisco who was leading a revolt against the Russians granted Joseph Aronowicz and Berek Joselowicz permission to form a Jewish legion. Five hundred men volunteered in response to the call to arms that was issued in Yiddish
1844 — (4 Tishrei 5605) The Jews of Sydney gathered at a meeting, protesting against the virtual excommunication of their community from state support for education. This was the first public protest in the colony in defense of civil, political, and religious rights.
1933 — (26 Elul 5693) Shoah. The «Reich Representation of German Jews» was established – an organization that tried to help Jews survive during Hitler’s rule
1941 — (25th of Elul, 5701) Shoah. A general deportation of German Jews remaining in the Fatherland began
1941 — (25 Elul 5701) Shoah. The 304th Police Battalion completed the «Jewish action» in Gaysin (more than 2,000 victims). Teams of Group D in four other settlements of the Kalinindorf district (Kalinindorf, Sterendorf, Judendorf, 21st sector) shot 1,423 Jews. In the vicinity of Korosten (possibly the villages of Meleni, Skuraty, Ksaverov), Sonderkommando 4a shot 177 Jews.
1941 — (25 Elul 5701) Shoah. German troops entered the town of Pushkin in the Leningrad region. On October 4, local Jews received an order to appear at the commandant’s office, after which they were kept in basements without water or food, and then shot and buried in parks.
1942 — (6 Tishrei 5703) Shoah. From Sokal (Lviv region), 2,300 Jews were deported to Belzec, 160 were killed on the spot. 960 Jewish communists from Romania were brought to Vapnyarka (Vinnytsia region)
1948 — (13 Elul 5708) The assassination of UN Mediator for the Middle East, Count Folke Bernadotte, in Jerusalem by Lehi militants. He was promoting the idea in the UN of «canceling» the State of Israel and creating a confederation of Israel and Jordan instead. Paradoxical is the fact of Bernadotte’s active participation in saving thousands of Hungarian Jews during the war.
1971 — (27 Elul 5731) An Israeli Air Force plane was shot down over the Suez Canal. Seven of the eight crew members were killed: Major Efraim Magen, Major Zeev Ofer, Captain Amos Gai, Captain Yoram Hayat, Captain Eliav Inbal, Warrant Officer Yitzhak Tamir, Sergeant David Sheri. In the early 1980s, after the signing of the peace treaty with Egypt, upon leaving the Sinai Peninsula, the remains of the aircraft were transported to the Ben Shemen forest, where a memorial to the fallen was created (this section of the forest was named «Pilots’ Forest»).
1978 — (15th of Elul, 5738) Conclusion of the first Camp David summit talks hosted by President Carter and attended by Begin and Sadat. The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin
1982 — (29 Elul 5742) Operation «Peace for Galilee.» The IDF left Beirut.
2000 — (17 Elul 5760) A pogrom at a Jewish school in Ryazan. About 15 people were involved. They smashed the glass of the entrance door, signs, and the telephone in the reception area. Four were detained by the police, charged with hooliganism.
2007 — (5 Tishrei 5768) Israel. The government decided to establish a new service – the National Emergency Administration, responsible for coordinating actions between the government and security services, rescue services, and civil services in the event of a national crisis
2013 — (13th of Tishrei, 5774) The IDF announced today that by the end of next month, it would stop deploying soldiers to protect 22 border communities along the Lebanese and the Gaza-Sinai borders
2015 — (4 Tishrei 5776) A new Ashkelon–Be’er Sheva railway route was opened, the so-called «Negev Train.» The new route is a double track, 70 kilometers of railway line from Ashkelon to Be’er Sheva with three stations: Sderot, Netivot, and Ofakim.
2018 — (8 Tishrei 5779) During an Israeli Air Force attack on Iranian targets in Syria, local air defense forces, as a result of chaotic firing, shot down a Russian Il-20 reconnaissance aircraft with 15 servicemen on board. Russia blamed Israel for the tragedy.
2019 — (17 Elul 5779) Early elections to the Knesset were held in Israel. The «Kahol Lavan» electoral alliance and the «Likud» party won.
2024 — (14 Elul 5784) In Lebanon and Syria, thousands of pagers used by Hezbollah activists exploded. At least 12 people were killed, and about 3,000 were wounded. The first technological attack on Hezbollah.
Рeople
1485 — (8th of Tishrei, 5246) Pedro Arbues, the inquisitor for Aragon, was murdered in church by a group of Marranos in retaliation for his activities. The perpetrators were caught, had their hands cut off, and were then beheaded and quartered. Arbues was canonized
1609 — (28 Elul 5369) Judah Loew ben Bezalel, or simply the Maharal, died at the age of 83 – the rabbi of Prague, an outstanding expert on the Talmud, mystic, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. He was the hero of the legend that he created the Prague Golem, an animated creature molded from clay
1676 — (10th of Tishrei, 5437) Sabbatai Zevi, one of the most famous of the False Messiahs passed away
1727 — (2nd of Tishrei, 5488) Glückel of Hameln passed away. ….. Born in 1646, she was a Jewish mother, successful mother, German businesswoman and diarist. It was in this latter category that she gained lasting fame. Her writings provided an eyewitness account life in central Europe three and a half centuries ago. In addition to providing a portrait of the daily life of our European forbearers, she also gave us a front seat view of the survivors of the Chmielnicki massacres and the followers of Sabbati Z’vi. Her memories were passed down from generation to generation until they were first published in 1896. Copies of The life of Gluckel of Hamelin Written by Herself and the Memoirs of Gluckel of Hamelin were published in English during the second half of the 20th century
1764 — (20th of Elul, 5524) Birthdate of Berek Joselewicz Polish Jew who was a successful merchant and a colonel in the Polish Army during the Kosciuszko Uprising during which Poles tried to throw off the yoke of Russian occupation. Joselewicz commanded the first Jewish military formation in modern history
1800 — (27th of Elul, 5560) Fifty-eight year old German Kabbalist Nathan Adler and author of Mishnat Rabbi Nathan
1908 — (21th of Elul, 5668) Birthdate of Russian born violin virtuoso David Oistrakh
1912 — G. Menglet was born – a Soviet actor. He died on May 1, 2001
1918 — (11th of Tishrei, 5679) Birthdate of Chaim Herzog (חיים הרצוג) sixth President of Israel
1922 — Marianne Cohn (Cohen) was born – a heroine of the French Resistance. She died in 1944.
1928 — J. Aldema was born – an Israeli composer and orange grower. He died on September 28, 2014
1943 — (17th of Elul, 5703) Estella Blits-Agsterribe, her six-year old daughter Nanny and two-year old son Alfred were murdered today at Auschwitz. Before marrying Samuel Blits, she was known as Estella Agsterribe, one of the members of the 1928 gold medal winning Dutch ladies Olympic Gymnastics Team
1947 — (3 Tishrei 5708) Anna Dresner was born – a popular Israeli pop singer.
2024 — (14 Elul 5784) War with Gaza. Day three hundred and forty-seven. In fighting in Rafah, Captain Daniel Mimon Toaf, 20-year-old medic Staff Sergeant Agam Naim, 21-year-old Staff Sergeant Amit Bakri, and 21-year-old Staff Sergeant Dotan Shimon were killed