History events
67 — (21nd of Tishrei, 3828) Roman soldiers captured Gamla, a fortress in Israel’s Golan region, and killed all its inhabitants
1747 — (25th of Cheshvan, 5508) In London, establishment of the Sephardi Jews’ Hospital (Beth Holim)
1757 — (4 Cheshvan 5518) In Kamenets-Podolsky, a complete copy of the Talmud was burned at the stake. The executioner placed a full set of the Talmud in a sack, tied it to a horse’s tail, dragged it to the market square, and there, in the presence of a large crowd including Jews, burned it. Similar events took place throughout Poland. They resulted from a religious dispute between rabbis and the followers of J. Frank — who had been excommunicated from Judaism for his struggle against religious norms — and who were supported by the Catholic Church
1873 — (27nd of Tishrei, 5634) Based on information that first appeared in Germany’s Cologne Gazette, it was reported today that the Kingdom of Poland has a total population of six million people, over 800,000 of whom are Jews meaning that they make up about 13 per cent of the total. Since 1816, the Jewish population has quadrupled.
1898 — (2 Cheshvan 5659) Meeting between T. Herzl and Kaiser Wilhelm, in which the latter promised to support the Zionist movement — more precisely, to speak favorably of it to the Turkish Sultan
1905 — (19nd of Tishrei, 5666) This marked the first day of what was the blackest week in Russian Jewish history until the Holocaust. ….. The Black Hundreds and other bands of reactionary, anti-Semites were formed during and after the Russian Revolution of 1905. They alleged that the Jews were responsible for Russia’s many military, economic and political ills. These government sanctioned militias killed hundreds of Jews and injured thousands more. Over forty thousand homes and shops were destroyed in one week of rioting
1905 — (19 Tishrei 5666) Pogrom in Odesa. It lasted three days. About 400 Jews were killed, 50,000 were left homeless. Jewish self-defense units and a student militia attempted to stop the pogrom, and on the first day they succeeded, but troops were sent against them, using artillery. The self-defense lost 50 men killed. The pogrom also took place in the areas surrounding Odesa. There were cases of Jews attempting to flee being killed on trains or drowned in the sea
1918 — (12 Cheshvan 5679) The Ukrainian National Rada, formed in Lviv by representatives of various parties and groups, proclaimed the independence of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic (WUPR) in Eastern Galicia; it declared equal rights for national minorities and that «Jews are recognized as a separate nation» (they were granted 13% of the seats in the Rada, corresponding to the proportion of Jews, whose number in Eastern Galicia at the time was approximately 660,000)
1936 — (2th of Cheshvan, 5697) The SS Excalibur of the American Exports line unloaded it cargo at Tel Aviv, making it the first American ship to use the newly built port facilities at the first all Jewish metropolis
1937 — (13th of Cheshvan, 5698) The Palestine Post reported that ….. renewed Arab terror claimed three more Jewish victims, while violence continued throughout the country. One Arab assailant was killed in the Old City of Jerusalem. In Ness Ziona an 11-year-old Yemenite boy, Eliahu Sherabi, was fatally shot in the head while sleeping in his house. Jewish buses were shot at and armed Arabs attacked workers of the Palestine Quarries near Motza. Arabs had also attacked Kibbutz Ramat Rahel, where the children’s house became their main target. In Jerusalem, an Orthodox Jew, Shmuel Guttman, was stabbed five times in the Mea She’ street, near the Sheller compound, by an Arab who escaped. The town was under night curfew for more than a week; a gang of terroirsts attacked the Jewish settlement at Artuf in southern Palestine and a band of twenty armed Arabs “attacked the Baharieh police post between Hebron and Beersheba” and made off with weapons belonging to the British police
1938 — (23 Tishrei 5699) In Haifa, at the Technion, a Naval Officers’ School was officially opened, which to this day trains ship navigators, marine engineers, navigators, and specialists in shipboard equipment
1938 — (23nd of Tishrei, 5699) With Jerusalem under a virtual state of siege because of the worst outbreak of Arab violence since 1929, ….. the British declared a state of virtual martial law and sent troops into the Old City aimed at driving out the “rebel bands.” “The Mufti of Jerusalem, leader of the rebellious Moslems, declared from exile in Syria, that the Arab peace terms included an independent Ara state and an end to Jewish immigration into Palestine
1940 — (16 Tishrei 5701) Shoah. The German authorities in France issued an order requiring the mandatory registration of all enterprises owned by Jews. A so-called temporary administration was appointed to these enterprises.
1941 — (27nd of Tishrei, 5702) Mass executions of Soviet Jews in Borisov, Byelorussia, 50 miles east of Minsk, Byelorussia
1941 — (27 Tishrei 5702) Shoah. 357 Jewish prisoners of war were shot in Boryspil. Sonderkommando 10a began the liquidation of the Jews of Mariupol (Donetsk region). The purge of Odesa continued
1942 — (7th of Cheshvan, 5703) The Nazis gassed 1,594 deportees from Holland at Auschwitz
1942 — (7 Cheshvan 5703) Shoah. Approximately 4,000 Jews were deported from Stryi, Sambir, Skole, Khodoriv, and Turka (Lviv region) to Belzec
1945 — (11th of Cheshvan, 5706) Nazi war crimes trials opened in Nuremberg, Germany
1947 — (4th of Cheshvan, 5708) In three separate incidents seen as part of the work of Jewish fighters seeking to end British rule in Palestine, a British army truck “was blow up by a mine just west of Petah Tikva injuring two soldiers, “another army truck hit two mines near Benyaminia” without any casualties and an RAF jeep “ran over a mine on the road near Hadera wrecking the Jeep” without any casualties
1955 — (2 Cheshvan 5716) For the first time, the Knesset raised the question of the need to settle the issue of water resources between Israel and its neighbors
1973 — (22nd of Tishrei, 5734) Yom Kippur war. ….. During the Yom Kippur War, the Israelis were able to finally put a pre-fabricated bridge across the Suez Canal. Moving the bridge into position and actually using it to span the Canal was a costly operation. One hundred IDF soldiers died in the attempt with forty-one dying in a single night. The bridge made it easier to move tanks across the Canal; Colonel Giora «Hawkeye» Epstein went on a two day spree in which he downed 17 enemy aircraft
1991 — (10 Cheshvan 5752) The UN General Assembly rescinded its previous resolution equating Zionism with a form of racism.
2010 — (10 Cheshvan 5771) Buses with a capacity of up to 140 passengers began operating on Jerusalem’s high-speed urban highways.
2011 — (20 Tishrei 5772) IDF soldier Gilad Shalit, who had been held captive by Arabs in the Gaza Strip for over five years, returned to Israel. In exchange for his freedom, Israel released 1,027 terrorists.
2011 — (20 Tishrei 5772) In the southern part of Samaria, at the Asaf junction on Highway 60, the outpost of Oz Tzion was founded.
2015 — (5 Cheshvan 5776) Be’er Sheva. Terrorist attack at the central bus station. One killed, six wounded.
2023 — (3 Cheshvan 5784) Gaza War. Day twelve. Following the explosion at a Gaza hospital, reports of Israeli strikes in the Strip ceased, while air raid sirens continued to sound throughout the country. In the north, the IAF continued to attack Hezbollah positions in response to fire from Lebanon. Joe Biden arrived in Israel. At President Biden’s request, Israel authorized the delivery of food, water, and medical supplies from Egypt to Gaza. Previously, it had been reported that this would not happen until Hamas released the hostages. The government approved a plan to evacuate settlements within a five-kilometer zone of the Lebanese border for a period of two weeks. Egyptian President el-Sisi proposed that Israel relocate the population of Gaza to the Negev while dealing with Hamas and Islamic Jihad, and then return them.
2024 — (16 Tishrei 5785) Female observers of the 727th intelligence-gathering unit spotted suspicious figures near the border with Jordan and directed soldiers to the location. The Arabs opened fire on them and were killed in the exchange of fire; two soldiers were wounded.
People
1573 — (21 Cheshvan 5334) Rabbi David ben Abi Zimra, a religious authority, died at the age of 94.
1859 — Henri Bergson was born — philosopher, winner of the 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature. After the fall of France in 1940, he returned all his orders and decorations, and, rejecting the authorities’ offer to exempt him from the anti-Jewish decrees, despite being ill and frail, stood in line for hours to register as a Jew. He died in Paris of pneumonia on January 4, 1941.
1880 — (13th of Cheshvan, 5641) In Odessa, Chava Zach and Yevno Jobotinsky gave birth to Zionist leader Ze’ev Jabotinsky
1889 — (23 Tishrei 5650) O. Shvartsman was born — a Yiddish poet who fought in the Red Army. He was killed in battle in 1919.
1902 — The writer Reuven Asher Braudes died at the age of 51.
1948 — (15 Tishrei 5709) During a battle against Egyptian armored vehicles as part of Operation Yoav to liberate the northern Negev, Eli Oberlander, deputy commander of the «French Commandos» company, was mortally wounded
1973 — (22nd of Tishrei, 5734) Guri Palter and Itzhak Bar’am were taken prisoner after ejecting from their F-4E Phantom Jet that had fallen victim to an Egyptian SAM; Doron Shalev and Yosef Lev-Ari were taken prisoner after ejecting from their F-4E Phantom Jet that had fallen victim to an Egyptian SAM