History events
-832 — (7 Cheshvan 2928) This is considered the traditional date of the inauguration of the first Temple in Jerusalem by King Solomon.
-353 — (13 Cheshvan 3409) The second prophecy of Haggai, encouraging the builders who were rebuilding the Temple
66 — (10 Cheshvan 3847) The Jewish War. «At first shocked, not believing, then with relief, then with boundless jubilation, the Jews watched the departure of the besieging army. Uncertainly, still fearing that this was a tactical maneuver, but then with ever greater energy they began the pursuit» (see October 16, 66 CE)
1244 — (13 Cheshvan 5005) In France, a huge number of Jewish books were publicly burned
1483 — (16th of Cheshvan, 5244) Bull appointing Tomaso Torquemada inquisitor-general of Aragon, Valencia, and Catalonia
1776 — (4th of Cheshvan, 5537) Senatorial decree grants privileges to baptized Jews in Russia
1810 — (19th of Tishrei, 5571) On the day after his death, Reb Nachman of Bratslav was buried at Uman making it the destination for an annual pilgrimage for thousands of Chassidim
1848 — (20 Tishrei 5609) Grand opening in Vilna (Vilnius) of a rabbinical school
1882 — (4th of Cheshvan, 5643) Leo Pinkser published his famous pamphlet «Autoemancipation; ….. A Warning of a Russian Jew to his Brethren.» He published it as a result of the Russian pogroms of the previous year. Pinsker advocated establishing a homeland as a cure for anti-Semitism. He thought that a Jewish congress should decide if that homeland should be in Eretz-Israel, the United States or some third choice. Only later did he join with the “Lovers of Zion Movement” and acknowledge that Eretz-Israel was the only place for a Jewish homeland. Pinkser died in 1891, six years before the First Zionist Congress. His writings and efforts laid the groundwork for Herzl and others. In 1934, his remains were re-interred on Mt. Scopus
1901 — (4 Cheshvan 5662) Yavne’el was founded—a settlement and local council («mo’atza mekomit») in the north of Israel, southwest of Tiberias.
1905 — (18 Tishrei 5666) Tsar Nicholas II’s manifesto on political freedoms gave rise to another wave of Jewish pogroms in Russia
1910 — (14 Tishrei 5671) In Harbin, on Artillery Street, a new building was constructed for the Harbin Jewish elementary school
1941 — (26 Tishrei 5702) Shoah. In Kosovo, another 1,200 Jews were killed. In Lubny (Poltava region), 1,865 Jews, communists, and partisans were shot, among them 53 prisoners of war and several Jewish female snipers. Romanian soldiers from the 10th Infantry Division began the cleansing of Odessa; the cleansing provided for the arrest of all Jews
1942 — (6 Cheshvan 5703) Shoah. In Ostrog, about another 300 Jews were shot
1948 — (14th of Cheshvan, 5709) The 52nd and 54th Battalions of the Givati Brigade began a three day action aimed at taking control of “the internal Negev road from Julis to Bror Hayial through Kawkaba and Huleiqat; During Operation Yoav, Egyptian forces begin withdrawing from the Negev after suffering heavy attacks by the Israelis.
1962 — (19 Tishrei 5723) Shoah. In Auschwitz, the second manuscript of camp life witness Zalman Leventhal was found (the first was found on July 28)
1968 — (25 Tishrei 5729) Israel expressed a desire to purchase Chieftain tanks from Great Britain, but was refused, which served as the impetus for developing the project to manufacture its own tank (Merkava)
1973 — (21 Tishrei 5734) Yom Kippur War. The Battle of the Chinese Farm… The 460th and 600th armored brigades took the blow; on this small battlefield of 20 square kilometers, the Egyptians lost approximately 160 tanks, and the IDF approximately 80. As the battle was nearing its end, the neighboring 3rd Army joined it, sending 96 T-62s from the 25th Armored Brigade to help. They were detected, and the 14th and 600th armored brigades of the IDF hastily organized an ambush. In the ensuing slaughter, all the Egyptian tanks except ten were destroyed, and our forces lost four tanks on a minefield while pursuing the survivors. This marked the end of any significant Egyptian attempts to counterattack in the Chinese Farm area, and the Israeli army gained the opportunity to transfer forces across the Canal unhindered.
1973 — (21 Tishrei 5734) Yom Kippur War. A group of Israeli combat divers was delivered by submarine to the waters of the Egyptian naval base at Port Said. The divers managed to covertly penetrate the heavily guarded territory of the base and blow up enemy warships built in the USSR and under the command of Russian officers. A missile boat and two torpedo boats were sunk. That same night on the Red Sea, a unit of naval commandos from the 13th Flotilla attacked the enemy’s special forces naval base. In the course of a brief battle, the Israeli fighters sank four combat boats and up to fourteen auxiliary vessels of the enemy
1975 — (12th of Cheshvan, 5736) The United Nations declared that “Zionism is racism.”
1998 — (27th of Tishrei, 5759) A Palestinian conducted a grenade assault on the Beersheba bus terminal, wounding 67 Israelis, including 24 soldiers
2001 — (30 Tishrei 5762) Terror attack. In Jerusalem, the leader of the Moledet party, R. Ze’evi, a minister in Sharon’s government, was killed by Arabs. He devoted his entire life to serving the Land of Israel—as a PALMACH fighter, a soldier, officer, and general in the IDF, a politician, journalist, and public figure. He wrote and published forty-six books on the history of the Land of Israel, was the leading consultant for the authors of all books on the history of Israel and Eretz Israel, consulted the Academy of the Hebrew Language on language issues, and in the rank of deputy chief of the Operations Division of the General Staff prepared the plans for the Six-Day War, and completely sealed off the eastern border to terrorists while commanding the Central Military District. R. Ze’evi was a man of integrity and honor, the only Knesset member who three times refused a ministerial portfolio because he did not want to betray his principles
2012 — (1 Cheshvan 5773) At Ort Braude College in Karmiel and at the Technological College in Beersheba, departments of railway specialties opened.
2013 — (13 Cheshvan 5774) In Heder, the first stone of the future embankment was laid
2023 — (2 Cheshvan 5784) War with Gaza. Day eleven. The exchange of rocket strikes from Gaza on Israel and from Israel on Gaza continued. Four rockets fell in Sderot, one of them hit one of the residential buildings. Sirens sounded in Petah Tikva, Givat Shmuel, Kfar Chabad, Holon, Rishon LeZion, Holon, Bat Yam, Yehuda, Or Yehuda, Bnei Brak, Kiryat Ono, Ramat Gan, Be’er Ya’akov, and other localities. An Arab nurse working in one of the Haifa hospitals was detained—she wrote on a social network that the Hamas attack «brings joy» and that «this is more than we could have expected.» King Abdullah II of Jordan stated at a press conference that his kingdom and Egypt would not accept Palestinian refugees
People
1700 — (4th of Cheshvan, 5461) Judah he-Hasid, an Ashkenazi rabbi who had made good on his call for Aliyah by leading 1,500 of his followers from Europe to Jerusalem passed away three days after they arrived at their destination
1758 — (15 Tishrei 5519) Born: Isaac Abraham (Itzek) Eichel — one of the pioneers of the Jewish Enlightenment. Died in 1804
1762 — (30th of Tishrei, 5523) Sixty-three year old Samson Gideon, «one of the outstanding members of the London Jewish Community” and «a leader in the Parliamentary struggle to pass the Jews’ Naturalization Act of 1753»
1800 — (28 Tishrei 5561) The Alter Rebbe was arrested following a denunciation. He was released on 27 Kislev, the third day of Hanukkah 5561 (December 14)
1864 — (17 Tishrei 5625) Born: Hillel Yaffe — the first Jewish doctor of the Land of Israel. Died in 1936
1880 — (12 Cheshvan 5641) Born: V. Jabotinsky. Died in 1940
1903 — Born: Nathanael West (Nathan Weinstein) — American writer. Died December 22, 1940
1908 — Born: Michael Saul Comay — Israeli diplomat. He was ambassador of the state to the UN and to Great Britain. Died November 6, 1987.
1911 — Born: M. Druyan — animation cinematographer. Died July 7, 2000
1914 — Born: Jerry Siegel — American screenwriter and creator of comics. Died January 28, 1996
1915 — Born: A. Miller — American writer and playwright. Died February 10, 2005
1921 — Born: M. Gorokhovskaya — Olympic champion in artistic gymnastics in 1952. Died July 22, 2001
1923 — (7 Cheshvan 5684) Melamed B. Goldin was sentenced by the people’s court of the 4th district of Gorky Oblast to one month of forced labor for teaching children religious subjects
1929 — (13 Tishrei 5690) Born in Jerusalem: Alexander Rubovich — Lehi activist. Killed May 6, 1947
1932 — (17 Tishrei 5693) Born: Natan Elba. In 1952 he became a soldier in the Givati Brigade of the Israel Defense Forces. On February 11, 1954, during training exercises, one of the grenades was found without its pin. There was nowhere to throw it: people were everywhere. Natan pressed it to himself. He died, but saved his comrades. Natan Elba was posthumously awarded the Medal of Courage
1947 — (3 Cheshvan 5708) At the age of 64, David Baazov died — rabbi and founder of the Zionist organization in Georgia
2024 — (15 Tishrei 5785) Operation «Northern Arrows.» In battle with Hezbollah terrorists in southern Lebanon, the following were killed: Major Ofek Bakhar, 24, First Lieutenant Elad Siman Tov, 23, Sergeant Elyashiv Eitan Wieder, 22, Sergeant Yaakov Hillel, 21, Sergeant Yehuda Dror Ya’alom, 21. In the same battle, three servicemen were seriously wounded