History events
1223 — (13st of Kislev, 4984) Rabbinical synod of Mayence regulates the payment of Jewish taxes
1228 — (14 Kislev 4989) From this day, by decree of King Louis VIII of France, interest on debts owed to Jews was no longer to be withheld; at the same time, he ordered that in Paris these debts be returned to the Jews within three years, and that all debts owed to Jews be recorded and placed under the control of their lords. Barons then began collecting debts on behalf of the Jews, receiving commissions. In addition, Louis ordered that the special seal for Jewish transactions be abolished and replaced with the standard one. Twenty-six barons accepted the new laws of Louis VIII, but Theobald IV (1201–1253), the powerful Count of Champagne, did not, as he had an agreement with the Jews guaranteeing their safety in exchange for additional revenue through taxation. The capital of Champagne, Troyes, was where Rashi had lived a century earlier, and Champagne still had a thriving Jewish population
1616 — (9st of Kislev, 5377) In Amsterdam an ordinance championed by the States General was implemented that prohibited Jews from speaking publicly against the Christian religion or publishing anything against it, and forbidding them to mar Christians
1920 — (27 Cheshvan 5681) In Lithuania, the charter of the «Jewish Society for Aid to War Victims» was approved. Its aim was to establish food stations, canteens, and hostels for refugees, to distribute clothing and heating supplies, and to provide one-time or periodic subsidies. «EKOPA» continued to operate until World War II, making a enormous contribution to improving the situation of the Jewish population of Vilna and the entire region
1929 — (5th of Cheshvan, 5690) With the removal of the curfew, residents of Jerusalem are free to move about the city at night for the first time in three months. The curfew had been put in place in response to a wave of Arab violence that had begun in August and included attacks on the ancient Jewish communities at Hebren and Safed
1937 — (4st of Kislev, 5698) Нolocaust. The Eternal Jew’ exhibition opened in Nuremberg. It portrayed the Jew as the leaders of international Bolshevism, dedicated to destroying Germany
1941 — (18 Cheshvan 5702) The Shoah. Another — the fourth — mass shooting of Jews from the Daugavpils ghetto.
1941 — (18 Cheshvan 5702) The Shoah. Over the course of four days, including the 9th and 29th–30th of October, approximately 27,000 Jews were murdered in the forest near the Rumbula railway station outside Riga by German and Latvian fascists.
1941 — (18 Cheshvan 5702) The Shoah. In Kremenchuk (Poltava region), 148 Jews were shot. In Khorol (Poltava region), several hundred Jews were shot. The deportation of Jews across the Dniester from the Edineti and Sokiryany camps was completed; in the latter camp, 1,700 people were shot as unfit for evacuation. In Lvov, an order was issued for the creation of a Jewish residential district; Jews were required to relocate there by December 10; simultaneously, a Jewish police force of 500 men was to be established.
1942 — (28 Cheshvan 5703) The Shoah. The annihilation of Jews in the Polish town of Staszów, known as «Black Sunday.»
1942 — (28 Cheshvan 5703) The Shoah. 1,300 Jews were transported from Yavoriv (Lvov region) to Belzec, and 500 were killed on the spot. The deportation of Jews from Mohyliv-Podilskyi (Vinnytsia region) to the Pechera camp was completed; a total of 1,500 Jews were transported in five convoys
1948 — (6th of Cheshvan, 5709) Following the first census by the government of Israel, the Jewish homeland was found to contain 712,000 Jews and 68,000 Arabs
1949 — (16th of Cheshvan, 5710) Beginning of Operation Magic Carpet, ….. which was one of the great moments of modern Jewish history. At the moment of its birth, Israel immediately established itself as haven for Jews throughout the world. Operation Magic Carpet was the name given to the Israeli Airlift that flew 60,000 Jews from Yemen to Israel
1950 — (28 Cheshvan 5711) The first rumblings of the «Doctors’ Affair.» Arrest of Professor Y. G. Etinger, a physician. He was accused of being an «active Jewish nationalist» and of «slanderous fabrications» regarding G. Malenkov. Investigators were interested in Etinger’s ideological supporters in the medical world. A list of «Jewish nationalists» — doctors — was compiled, but Y. G. Etinger refused to confess to what the investigators demanded. On March 2, 1951, he died in prison of a heart attack
1956 — (4st of Kislev, 5717) Six Israelis were wounded when gunmen opened fire on a train, attacked cars and blew up wells, in the North and Center of Israel
1956 — (4 Kislev 5717) Terror attacks. Arabs opened fire on a train, attacked vehicles, and blew up water wells in the north and center of Israel. Six Israelis were wounded
1966 — (25 Cheshvan 5727) Arab bloc countries announced a boycott of the companies «Ford» and «Coca-Cola» for trading with Israel
1966 — (25 Cheshvan 5727) Prime Minister L. Eshkol announced in the Knesset the abolition of military rule in Arab villages. Military rule had been in place since the founding of the State.
1968 — (17 Cheshvan 5729) The third Summer Paralympic Games opened in Ramat Gan. The Games were opened by Yigal Allon. Teams from 22 countries participated, including Israel — only Western European countries, the United States, New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Argentina, and Canada. The Games concluded on November 13 (22 Cheshvan)
1977 — (27th of Cheshvan, 5738) The Jerusalem Post reported that ….. after the Katyusha bombing of Nahariya in which two local residents were killed, Israeli gunners blasted Palestinian terrorist strongholds in South Lebanon. This is an example of the inability of the government of Lebanon to control its borders. The PLO set up a state within a state in southern Lebanon. It was these conditions that would finally force the Israelis to cross the border in the early 1980’s and eventually set up a buffer state on the border with Lebanon
1980 — (29 Cheshvan 5741) The Uvda Air Force base became operational.
1989 — (10 Cheshvan 5750) MK Hagai Merom proposed to place on the Knesset agenda the question of banning the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra from performing works by Richard Wagner.
2006 — (17 Cheshvan 5767) 18 Palestinians killed and over 30 wounded in an artillery shelling of Beit Hanoun (northern Gaza Strip) by the IDF. The IDF reported that artillery opened suppressive fire on an area from which four Qassam rockets had been launched toward Sderot the previous day. The IDF subsequently suspended the use of artillery against rocket attacks on Sderot for an extended period, and the rocket fire continued daily and with impunity. The IDF also shelled a group of six militants east of Gaza City. All militants were wounded, one fatally. Shortly afterward, an IDF helicopter fired a missile at a group of three Palestinians. Two unarmed Palestinians and three militants were killed during an IDF operation in the village of Yamun in the Jenin area (Samaria). IDF units arrested 14 wanted terrorists in Judea and Samaria who were sought by Israeli security services.
2006 — (17 Cheshvan 5767) Arson at the Jewish college «Merkaz HaTorah» in Gagny (France).
2024 — (7 Cheshvan 5785) At approximately three o’clock, another rocket attack from Lebanon on Nahariya and surrounding settlements. Fifteen minutes later, air-raid sirens sounded in Kiryat Ata, Kiryat Tivon, Shefa-Amr, Yokneam. Almost immediately, sirens wailed in Hod HaSharon, Petah Tikva, Rosh HaAyin, and Kfar Saba. There were relatively few rockets, but for every siren, residents had to react, interrupt their activities, go down to shelters, and find cover
People
1665 — (30th of Cheshvan, 5426) Ephraim Hezekiah Bueno a distinguished Dutch physician and who in 1650, in conjunction with Jonah Abravanel, published several liturgical works, among which were a Spanish translation of the Psalms, entitled «Psalterio de David, en Hebrayco Dicho Thehylim, Transladado con Toda Fidelidad Verbo de Verbo del Hebrayco,» passed away today in Amsterdam
1703 — (30th of Cheshvan) Rabbi Joseph Samuel of Frankfor, author Mesorat ha¬Shas, passed away
1801 — (3st of Kislev, 5562) Еlie Halеvy’s first poem, «Ha-Shalom», a hymn composed while negotiations were being conducted at Amiens, was sung in the synagogue of Paris, in both Hebrew and French
1838 — (20th of Cheshvan, 5599) Peter Beer, educational writer, died
1875 — (10 Cheshvan 5636) Y. Tarle was born — historian. Died January 6, 1955.
1893 — (29 Cheshvan 5654) Józef Andrzej Szeryński was born — colonel of the Polish police. Of Jewish origin. A convert to Christianity. Built his career under the regime of J. Piłsudski. During World War II, he worked in the transport bureau of the Warsaw Ghetto; in December 1940, Judenrat chairman Adam Czerniaków appointed him head of the Jewish Ghetto Police in the Warsaw Ghetto. He gained notoriety for his cruel and aggressive character. He actively assisted the Nazis in organizing the deportation of Jews to concentration camps and in handing over Jewish underground figures to the Gestapo. On May 1, 1942, he was arrested for appropriating the belongings of «resettled» Jews (his former deputy Yakub Leikin became the new head), but he was released as early as July of the same year and resumed service in the «Jewish police.» Jewish underground fighters sentenced him to death, and on September 21, 1942, Israel Kanaal seriously wounded him with two pistol shots. On January 23 or 24, 1943, he took his own life by swallowing potassium cyanide, following the operation to «resettle» the majority of the ghetto’s Jews to concentration camps in January 1943 (among the «resettled» were many of his subordinates from the «Jewish police»).
1908 — Albert Maltz was born — American writer, screenwriter. Died April 26, 1985.
2000 — (10th of Cheshvan, 5761) Noa Dahan, 25, of Moshav Mivtahim in the south, was shot to death while driving to her job at the Rafah border crossing in Gaza
2015 — (26 Cheshvan 5776) Staff Sergeant Binyamin Yakubovich died of wounds sustained in a «vehicular terror attack» on November 4, 2015.
2023 — (24 Cheshvan 5784) War with Gaza. Day thirty-three. Killed: Captain (reserves) Yaakov Ozeri, Staff Sergeant Noam Yosef Abu, 20, Master Sergeant Yonatan Hatzor, 22. Three servicemen were seriously wounded.
2024 — (7 Cheshvan 5785) Master Sergeant (reserves) Guy Shabtai, 39, died in hospital of wounds sustained on October 26, 2024, in combat in southern Lebanon