History events
-167 — BCE (15 Cheshvan 3595) Mattityahu ben Yochanan the Maccabee died — the initiator and first leader of the revolt that began in 167 BCE, caused by the persecutions of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, ruler of Hellenistic Seleucid Syria
1394 — (9th of Kislev, 5155) Third and final expulsion of the Jews from France. The pretext for issuing the order on September 17, 1394, was a report that a Parisian named Denis Machuit who had converted to Christianity had returned to Judaism
1654 — (3th of Kislev, 5415) David Abrabanel Dormido, presented a petition calling for the re-admission of the Jews to England Oliver Cromwell, the English Lord Protector. Dormido, was a leading Amsterdam Jew, who had been entrusted by Manasseh ben Israel to handle negotiations aimed at gaining the re-admittance of the Jews into England. Cromwell recommended that the Council accept the petition
1847 — (24th of Cheshvan, 5608) Kehillat Anshe Ma’arab, the first Jewish congregation in Chicago, was established today, when a constitution was adopted and signed by fourteen members
1860 — (18th of Cheshvan, 5621) The first neighborhood outside the old city wall of Jerusalem was dedicated. The site was purchased by Sir Moses Montefiore five years earlier and known as Mishkenot Sha’ananim
1878 — (7th of Cheshvan, 5639) First settlers moved to Petach Tikva. Petach Tikva is Hebrew for Gateway of Hope. A group of Jews from Jerusalem bought land from a Greek landowner on the coastal plain. The initial settlement failed because of malaria and crop failure
1918 — (28 Cheshvan 5679) A delegation of Arab elders demanded that the military authorities of Jerusalem and Jaffa stop aliyah. And it turned out that the military authorities of Palestine supported the Arabs on this issue.
1941 — (13 Cheshvan 5702) Shoah. In Krolovets (Sumy region), 73 Jews were shot. In Berdichev (Zhytomyr region) — 2,000 Jews. In Nezhin (Chernihiv region) — 300 Jews. In Mirgorod (Poltava region) — 168 Jews. In Zvenigorodka (Cherkasy region), a Jewish residential area was created. In Odessa, Jewish women with children were released from prison, but the men were left.
1942 — (23 Cheshvan 5703) Shoah. The last Jewish workers were deported from Kalush to Ivano-Frankivsk. Another Jewish action took place in Ivano-Frankivsk
1943 — (5th of Cheshvan, 5704) Нolocaust. The Germans undertake Erntefest (Harvest Festival), a planned massacre of Jews of three camps in the area around Lublin, Poland. About 18,000 are murdered at Majdanek, 10,000 at Trawniki, and 15,000 at Poniatowa. At Poniatowa, Jews who resist are burned alive in a barrack
1949 — (11 Cheshvan 5710) Kibbutz Tel Katzir was founded in the Galilee.
1951 — (4 Cheshvan 5712) In cooperation with the government, the «Israel Fuel Company» was created. The company was to provide fuel consumption in the country, purchasing crude oil, refining it at the Haifa refineries, and selling it at gas stations.
1951 — (4 Cheshvan 5712) The musical ensemble of the Israel Defense Forces was formed — Lahakat HaNahal (The Nahal Band or the Nahal Entertainment Troupe).
1954 — (7 Cheshvan 5715) The «Arlozorov» railway station began operating in Tel Aviv, although the construction of the building was not yet completed
1955 — (18th of Cheshvan, 5716) The third Knesset started with David Ben-Gurion forming the seventh government of Israel today
1955 — (18th of Cheshvan, 5716) Operation Volcano was completed this morning when units from the Golan Brigade’s 12 Battalion destroyed all of “the targeted Egyptian emplacements” at Sachba capturing “22 military vehicles of various types, anti-aircraft and anti-tank guns, heavy machine guns, mortars, light arms and communications equipment’ while killing and/or capturing 136 of the enemy
1956 — (29 Cheshvan 5717) Operation «Kadesh» (Sinai Campaign). Day six. Morning — capture of Khan Yunis by the 11th Brigade. At first the Palestinian brigade defending it offered strong resistance, but after armored vehicles broke through into the heart of the stronghold, resistance quickly ceased. The 9th Brigade took Dahab. The 202nd Brigade captured the oil fields in western Sinai.
1959 — (2 Cheshvan 5720) In the special elections to the Knesset, caused by the fall of the 8th government of the country, which had sold a shipment of weapons to West Germany, Ben-Gurion’s left coalition again achieved victory, increasing the number of mandates from 40 to 47; the right-wing HERUT bloc received 17 votes instead of 15.
1964 — (28 Cheshvan 5725) The beginning of an IDF military operation whose goal was to prevent Syria from building a canal diverting 60% of the Jordan River water from Lake Kinneret, which would have made the very existence of the country impossible. A tank company of «Centurions» from the 7th Brigade, under the command of Captain Shamai Kaplan (who later fell in the Six-Day War), positioned itself in the Tel Dan area. One of the platoon commanders was Lieutenant Avigdor Kahalani — the future hero of the Yom Kippur War. A mechanized patrol moving along a calculated route served as bait for the Syrian troops stationed in Nukheila. They immediately opened machine-gun fire. Then Kahalani’s platoon moved to firing positions and from a distance of about 800 meters opened fire on the enemy’s firing points, which included two dug-in «Panzer» tanks, recoilless guns, and heavy machine guns. The Syrians expanded their sector of fire, as a result of which Israel lost 8 soldiers and 2 tractors. The exchange of fire continued for about an hour and was stopped only after the intervention of UN observers
2004 — (19th of Cheshvan, 5765) The World Jewish Film Festival, the first of its kind in Israel and the Jewish world comes to a close in Tel Aviv
2004 — (19 Cheshvan 5765) The Knesset passed the disengagement law in the first reading. 64 for, 44 against, 9 abstained
2009 — (16 Cheshvan 5770) The coral reef «Shonit Almogim» in the resort city of Eilat on the Red Sea and the unique sandy beach Palmachim near the kibbutz of the same name in the center of the coastal zone received the status of nature-protected areas. The «Alligators’ Basin» reserve in the Nahal Taninim area was also expanded. Thus, in 2009, 19 new parks and reserves were officially registered in Israel.
2009 — (16 Cheshvan 5770) In Nes Ziona, members of the Israeli racing community were solemnly awarded a certificate from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, elevating their organization, which until then had been unofficial, to the rank of an association and permitting the holding of four types of rally competitions. The organizers of auto races received the opportunity to insure possible risks. The absence of such an opportunity had been one of the main obstacles hindering the development of motorsport in Israel.
2010 — (26 Cheshvan 5771) In Gaza, 37-year-old terrorist Muhammad Nimanim was eliminated. The operation to liquidate him was carried out jointly by the Israeli army and intelligence. The militant was the organizer of a number of terrorist attacks against Israel and was preparing attacks on Israelis in Sinai. In the explosion of the car in which Nimanim was located, 4 more Arabs were wounded.
2011 — (6 Cheshvan 5772) The festival of Judean wineries opened in Kibbutz Tzora. Dozens of large and small family wineries presented their products.
2023 — (19 Cheshvan 5784) War with Gaza. Day twenty-eighth. Captain Beni Weiss from Haifa, 22, was killed; Master Sergeant (res.) Uriya Mash from Talmon, 41; Master Sergeant (res.) Yonatan Yosef Brand from Jerusalem, 28; Master Sergeant (res.) Gil Pishitz from Harish, 39; Staff Sergeant Itai Saadon. Shelling of the country’s territory from Gaza and Lebanon continued. Fighters of the special forces battalions «Haruv,» «Duvdevan,» and «Duchifat,» engineering troops, and the border police (MAGAV) conducted an anti-terrorist operation in Judea and Samaria; at least 7 militants were killed.
2025 — (12 Cheshvan 5786) Shoah. Employees of the Yad Vashem memorial complex reported that, on the basis of witness testimony, searches for names in various documents, and cooperation with archives, they had succeeded in establishing the names of five million Holocaust victims. They have been entered into Yad Vashem’s central online database of Holocaust victims
People
1643 — (21st of Cheshvan) Rabbi ben Mordecai Azulai, author of Or ha-Hamah passed away
1810 — (6 Cheshvan 5571) Israel Salanter (Lipkin) was born — founder of the «Musar» movement. Died February 1, 1883
1837 — (5th of Cheshvan, 5598) Ludwig Chronegk, German actor, born
1846 — (14 Cheshvan 5607) German rabbi Abraham Auerbach died.
1882 — (21 Cheshvan 5643) American poet E. Lazarus, author of the sonnet engraved on the Statue of Liberty, began publishing her essays in the magazine «American Hebrew,» in which she advocated for Jewish statehood in Palestine.
1887 — According to the new style, S. Marshak was born — poet. Died July 4, 1964.
1895 — E. Bagritsky was born — poet. Died February 16, 1934.
1897 — (8 Cheshvan 5658) An aluminum airship, controlled by its designer, the Jew D. Schwarz, flew over Berlin at an altitude of about 100 meters. Due to bad weather, the craft crashed. The pilot died. A German officer, Count F. Zeppelin, who was present at the tests, bought the right to the invention from Schwarz’s relatives, and in 1924 an improved airship called the «Graf Zeppelin» crossed the Atlantic Ocean. It was commanded by a Jew, Karl Arnstein.
1906 — (16 Kislev 5667) Alma Maria Rose was born — violinist. Died April 5, 1944 in Auschwitz.
1927 — Yekutiel Adam was born — colonel in the Israel Defense Forces. Died June 10, 1982 during the First Lebanon War.
1953 — (25 Cheshvan 5714) David Smilansky died — one of the founders of Tel Aviv. Born in 1875 in Kiev.