History events
-603 — (7th of Cheshvan, 3159) King Jehoiakim burned the scroll which had been dictated by the prophet Jeremiah to Barcuh ben Heriah.
-518 — (15th of Cheshvan, 3244) A delegation of Babylonian Jews arrived in Jerusalem to inquire from the prophet Zechariah whether the fast of Av should be discontinued (Zechariah 7:1)
1050 — Henry IV, German king and Holy Roman Emperor, was born. He became the first medieval king to attempt to protect European Jews.
1215 — (17 Kislev 4976) The Fourth Lateran Council of the Catholic Church began in Rome. It decreed that Jews living in Christian lands must permanently wear a distinguishing badge on their clothing — a piece of red felt or cloth cut in the shape of a wheel, four fingers in circumference, to be attached to the outer garment on both the chest and the back. Another decision of the Fourth Lateran Council was the adoption of the doctrine of «transubstantiation» as an official church dogma. Outwardly, this had no connection to Jews. The dogma proclaimed only that wine and bread during the Catholic Mass are mysteriously transformed into the actual blood and flesh of Jesus. But within thirty years, this dogma led to the destruction of the entire Jewish community of Berlin. Jews were accused of stealing sacred Christian communion wafers and desecrating them. The murder of Jews in Berlin was, unfortunately, only the beginning. In 1389, the entire Jewish community of Prague was accused of attacking a monk carrying communion wafers. Mobs of Christians surrounded the Jewish quarter and offered its residents a choice: baptism or death. Three thousand Jews who refused baptism were killed. In Berlin in 1510, twenty-six Jews perished at the stake, and two were beheaded for allegedly desecrating communion wafers.
1847 — (3 Kislev 5608) Jews who had settled in Siberia before 1837 were forbidden to change their place of residence or even to travel to other areas temporarily without special permission.
1855 — (1 Kislev 5616) In London, Rabbi Nathan Adler founded Jews’ College, which exists to this day.
1860 — (26th of Cheshvan, 5621) First Jewish wedding takes place in Buenos Aires Argentina
1910 — (9 Cheshvan 5671) The moshav of Merhavia was established.
1910 — (9 Cheshvan 5671) M. Y. Dizengoff was elected head of the Tel Aviv city council.
1915 — (4 Kislev 5676) In Harbin, on the initiative of the Harbin Jewish Community Organization and the Committee for the Relief and Rescue of Jewish Refugees of World War I, a free soup kitchen and shelter were opened.
1936 — (26 Cheshvan 5697) Members of the British Peel Commission arrived in the Yishuv. The commission was tasked with investigating the causes of the 1936 unrest and developing recommendations for its prevention. The Peel Commission proposed partitioning Palestine into Jewish and Arab states and establishing a new international mandate over the principal Christian cities — Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and Nazareth. The commission proposed that the Balfour Declaration should not apply in the mandate zone and that residents of Jerusalem should be able to choose between citizenship in the Jewish and Arab Palestinian states
1938 — (17th of Cheshvan, 5699) Нolocaust. ….. Jews are killed and injured during an anti-Semitic pogrom at Bratislava, Slovakia; The Italian council of ministers announces a series of new anti-Semitic laws: all Jews will get a special notation in their civil records, they are excluded from the military, they are not allowed to employ «Aryan» servants, marriages between Jews and «Aryans» are forbidden, any such marriages that currently exist are annulled, and Jews are forbidden from owning large tracts of land
1939 — (29th of Cheshvan, 5700) Нolocaust. Six hundred Jews are murdered by German troops at Ostrow Mazowiecki, Poland
1941 — (21 Cheshvan 5702) The Shoah. The governor of «Transnistria» (the territory of Ukraine between the Dniester and the Southern Bug) issued a decree on the resettlement of Jews in designated settlements
1942 — (2th of Kislev, 5703) Нolocaust. Seven hundred forty-five French Jews were shipped to Auschwitz
1943 — (13th of Cheshvan, 5704) Нolocaust. ….. On the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Armistice in the forest of Compiegne, German officials take revenge by assembling all 47,000 Jews not yet deported from Theresienstadt ghetto to Birkenau in a large square for an ill-organized “census.” At 4:00 AM the torture began by rousing them all and making them stand in the cold in the city square. As night fell, the Jews stood in a drizzle made more miserable by falling temperatures. The Germans held them until 10 pm at which time the survivors were allowed to seek shelter inside. Drizzle came, the dark of night, and the temperatures lowered
1951 — (12 Cheshvan 5712) Protesting a decision that prevented them from forming their own trade union outside the framework of the Histadrut, all of Israel’s seamen declared a strike. Maritime transport and port operations came to a halt. The strikers were led by sea captains, many of whom were members of the Palmach and Palyam. Ben-Gurion declared the strike to be the work of enemies of the state. Attempts were made to use force against the strikers, but they took 12 policemen hostage. The strike lasted 43 days. The strike leader was Nimrod Eshel. He was a member of the Mapam party, a ship’s captain, and one of the heroes of illegal immigration. Later (after Ben-Gurion), he held important positions in the Ministry of Transport, including head of the shipping department.
1951 — (12 Cheshvan 5712) The official announcement was made of the establishment of the «Egged» bus cooperative.
1966 — (28 Cheshvan 5727) Terror attack. Two IDF soldiers were killed and six wounded as a result of an attack by Arabs from Jordan
1973 — (16th of Cheshvan, 5734) Yom Kippur War. ….. The Egyptians and Israelis began negations for the disengagement of forces along the Suez Canal. When the fighting had stopped, Israeli forces were on the West Bank of the Suez Canal. They had reached kilometer 101 on the Suez-Cairo Road. The Israelis offered to cross the Canal and to a position 10 kilometers to the east. Egypt wanted a much deeper withdrawal with Israeli forces taking up positions on a line east of the passes in the Sinai that were key to controlling the entire Peninsula
1974 — (26 Cheshvan 5735) The Knesset notified Israeli citizens of a 43% devaluation of the lira
1982 — (25th of Cheshvan, 5743) A gas explosion at an Israeli army headquarters results in 60 deaths
1988 — (2 Kislev 5749) Israel. Elections to the twelfth Knesset. The Likud party won with 40 votes, Labor — 39, religious parties — 18.
2012 — (26 Cheshvan 5773) Shelling of Israel from Gaza resumed in the morning. The previous evening, more than 30 rockets had been fired at Israel.
2013 — (8 Kislev 5774) In Tel Aviv, near the «Bloomfield» stadium, a clash occurred between fans of the «Maccabi» football club and the «Hapoel» basketball club. About 40 people took part in the brawl. During the conflict, the «football fans» threw a stun grenade toward the «basketball fans,» resulting in several injuries. Four Maccabi fans were arrested.
2018 — (3 Kislev 5779) Battle in Gaza. An IDF special forces vehicle was blocked by Hamas fighters. Lieutenant Colonel Mahmoud Kheir ad-Din exited the vehicle and was the first to open fire, drawing all return fire upon himself. This allowed the remaining special forces soldiers to leave the vehicle and engage in combat. The lieutenant colonel, having sustained multiple gunshot wounds, was killed. A major who followed him out eliminated three fighters, then attempted to return to the vehicle to retrieve Mahmoud’s body but was wounded. Shortly afterward, the 669 rescue unit and covering forces arrived at the scene. The helicopter pilot, despite heavy fire, managed to land and take the special forces soldiers on board, including the wounded soldier and the body of the fallen soldier.
2023 — (27 Cheshvan 5784) War with Gaza. Day thirty-six. Shelling of Israel from Gaza and Lebanon continued. In Gaza, the following were killed: Moshe Leiter, reserve captain; Yosef Gershkovich, junior warrant officer (reserves); Matan Meir, junior warrant officer (reserves) of the 697th battalion of the 551st brigade; Sergey Shmerkin; Netanel Arush, senior warrant officer (reserves). For the first time, a «humanitarian pause» went into effect: the IDF suspended fire for four hours — from 10:00 to 14:00 — and opened a corridor for residents to move to the safer south.
2024 — (10 Cheshvan 5785) War in Gaza. Day four hundred and two. Killed: Sergeant Or Katz, 20 years old; Staff Sergeant Nave Yair Asulin, 21 years old; Staff Sergeant Ragi Lalhruaikima Zolat, 21 years old; Staff Sergeant Ofir Eliyahu, 20 years old; Major Itamar Levin-Friedman. Operation «Northern Arrows.» Heavy shelling of northern Israel: Acre, Nahariya, Haifa, Carmiel, Safed. About 200 rockets were fired during the day, 100 of them within a single hour. Most were intercepted, but there were direct hits.
People
1711 — (29th of Cheshvan) Rabbi Moses Hefez (Gentili) author of Melekhet Mahashevet, passed away
1761 — (14 Cheshvan 5522) Rabbi Akiva Eiger was born — a rabbi, one of those who had a decisive influence on the formation of Orthodox Judaism in the 19th–20th centuries. Died in 1837.
1864 — A. Fried was born, Austrian journalist and pacifist. Died May 5, 1921.
1891 — L. Brik was born — one of Mayakovsky’s wives. Died August 4, 1978.
1897 — (16th of Cheshvan, 5658) Sabbato Morais, American Orthodox rabbi, died
1902 — Israel Amir was born, the first commander of the Israeli Air Force. Died November 1, 2002.
1910 — (9th of Cheshvan, 5671) Birthdate of Israel Scheib who gained fame as Israel Elad, leader of Lehi
1914 — Howard Fast was born — American writer. Died March 12, 2003.
1919 — Y. Berzin was born — a variety performer, better known by the stage name Shtepsel. Died in Israel in 2004.
1945 — (6 Kislev 5706) Yehoshua Hankin, pioneer of the settlement of Eretz Israel, died.