History events
1096 — (3rd of Sivan, 4856) Count Emicho and the Crusaders entered Mayence, Germany. ….. The Jews took refuge in the Episcopal Palace and committed mass suicide rather than convert. One Jew by the name of Isaac, his two daughters and a friend called Uriah allowed themselves to be baptized. Within a few weeks Isaac, who was remorseful of his act killed his daughters burned his own house. He and Uriah went to the local synagogue locked themselves in and burned it down. A large part of the city was destroyed
1529 — (19rd of Sivan, 5289) Thirty Jews of Posing, Hungary, charged with blood-ritual, were burned at the stake
1794 — (27 Iyar 5554) Decree by Catherine II on the construction of a seaport on the site of the Turkish fortress of Khadzhibey in southern Russia — the future city of Odessa
1808 — (1rd of Sivan, 5568) The Polonies Talmud Torah of Congregation Shearith Israel in New York became the first Jewish day school in the United States when it modified its curriculum to include both religious and secular studies
1860 — (6 Sivan 5620) The first Jewish newspaper in Russian, the weekly Rassvet (“Dawn”), was published. Its editor was Osip Rabinovich, a well‑known writer of the time. The newspaper existed for one year. It was very popular in the Jewish community but was shut down because it hinted at the desirability of equal rights for Jews with other peoples.
1895 — (4 Sivan 5655) Russia’s Minister of the Interior closed the Moscow Jewish vocational school and the Talmud Torah school as unnecessary, since after the expulsion of Jews from Moscow, only about 8 000 remained in the city
1906 — (3rd of Sivan, 5666) It was reported today that “the Black Hundreds are attempting to invite the people to attack the Jews by the circulation of false paper money purporting to have been issued any an alleged Jewish republic in Tula Province, with Max Gorky as president.”
1912 — (11 Sivan 5672) Agudath Israel, a Jewish religious movement aiming to preserve the foundations of Jewish religion, tradition and society based on Halakha, was founded in Katowice.
1942 — (11 Sivan 5702) Shoah. 3 800 Jews were shot in Dubno (Rivne Oblast) and over 580 Jews in Vinnytsia Oblast: 270 in Voronovitsa, about 1 500 in Ilyintsi (including several hundred from Zhornyshche), 1 289 in Teplyk (including 520 from Bukovina), 382 in Sobolivka and 2 400 in Ternivka.
1944 — (5 Sivan 5704) Shoah. Arnost Rozin and Czesław Mordowicz escaped from Auschwitz. They reported that 14 000–15 000 Hungarian Jews were arriving at the camp daily. Only 10 % were admitted to the camp; “the rest were immediately gassed and cremated”.
1947 — (8rd of Sivan, 5707) Ben Gurion drew up his first summary of the Yishuv’s military position. ….. He wrote in his diary, “There is not sufficient training even in the brigade (Palmach). There is a shortage of commanders, and those we have are not adequate [in standard]. There is no attempt at action, the planning defective; the structure of the budget is not directed at the target. The most serious fault is that the experience and human military material [those demobilized from the British army] have not been utilized. The equipment has not been adapted. For many years, a central idea has been missing: What is the duty [of the Haganah organization]?
1948 — (18rd of Iyar, 5708) The Israel Defense Army (Zahal) was established. Prior to the creation of the state there had been several armed groups including Haganah, Palmach, Irgun and the Stern Gang
1948 — (18rd of Iyar, 5708) In Jerusalem, troops of the Arab Legion “raised their flag on the roof of the Huvra Synagogue, the main synagogue of the Jewish Quarter in the Old City and then set it on fire.
1953 — (13rd of Sivan, 5713) The Jerusalem Post reported that ….. Jordanian marauders carried out three simultaneous attacks on three new immigrant villages of Beit Naballa, Beit Arif and Beit Arif Bet, all of them near Beit Shemen. At Beit Naballa they threw a grenade into the house of David Namdar, killed his wife, Tamar, 30, and wounded two of his seven children. They also looted whatever was possible. At Beit Arif they detonated three kg. of TNT under the house which was completely destroyed, and at Beit Arif Bet they did the same to three houses. Seven people were injured in both explosions
1967 — (17rd of Iyar, 5727) The Israeli Cabinet met to decide whether or not to take military action against Egypt” based on the continued blockade of the Straits of Tiran. ….. The Cabinet appeared to be evenly divided between those who were ready to take action and those who were willing to wait and see if the international community would end the crisis. During the Cabinet session, Abba Eban arrived from Washington and his meetings with President Johnson. Eban reported that Johnson was working to assemble an international flotilla of warships that would open the Straits. The Cabinet decided to hold off on military action in an effort to give Johnson a chance to bring his plan to fruition. A significant segment of the Israeli populace did not understand the reason for waiting. The country had been on alert for some time and the strain was taking its toll. The fear was that waiting would only strengthen the Arabs militarily and led to defeat for the Jewish state. Furthermore, they mistrusted the United States because of its support of Nasser in 1956 and 1957. The Cabinet’s decision to wait was based, in part, on a political calculation. If they waited and Johnson succeeded, then the crisis would be ended without war. If they waited and Johnson failed, then the Israelis would have the support of the United States in the upcoming conflict. If they did not give a Johnson to avert a war, the Israelis would end up fighting the Arabs without any international support. Based on the experience of 1956, they knew that in the long run, this was not where they wanted to be
1979 — (1 Sivan 5739) A joint statement by Israel and Egypt on the opening of their border was published.
1985 — (7 Sivan 5745) The Israeli government informed the Knesset of the release of three (or, according to other reports, six) IDF soldiers captured by Ahmed Jibril’s organization, in exchange for the freedom of 110 Arab prisoners (or, according to other reports, 1 500) — the so‑called “Jibril Deal”. Public opinion in Israel received the deal ambiguously due to the huge disproportion of the exchange and because not all Israeli prisoners were released
2009 — (4rd of Sivan, 5769) Thousands of Israelis from far and wide flocked to Rothschild Boulevard in central Tel Aviv on, as the city held its annual «White Night» event, with parties, music and street theater lasting until the wee hours.
2010 — (14 Sivan 5770) Winds from North Africa brought heat and a sandstorm to Israel. By 4 p.m., air dust levels exceeded average values by 21 times in Ashkelon, 19 times in Be’er Sheva, 6 times in Tel Aviv and 2 times in Jerusalem. During an IDF exercise in the Gamla Nature Reserve on the Golan Heights, a fire broke out. 20 000 dunams of protected areas and natural forests were burned
People
1799 — (22rd of Iyar, 5559) Jacques-François-Fromenthal-Elie Halévy, composer, born
1884 — Max Brod, a Czech writer, was born. He died on December 20, 1968.
1899 — (18 Sivan 5659) Yosef Dov, an Israeli statesman, public figure and writer, was born in Montreal. He died in 1980.
1911 — (29rd of Sivan, 5673) Birthdate of Teddy Kollek, mayor of Jerusalem from 1965 till 1993
1915 — (14 Sivan 5675) H. Vook (Vuk), an American writer, was born. He died on May 17, 2019
1923 — (12 Sivan 5683) Henry Kissinger, U.S. Secretary of State, was born. He died on November 29, 2023.
1927 — (25rd of Iyar, 5687) Birthdate of Polish native and Mossad agent Peter Zvi Malkin who “was part of the team that captured Adolf Eichmann in Argentina in 1960 and brought him to Israel to stand trial for crimes against humanity.”
1934 — Harlan Ellison, an American writer, was born. He died on June 28, 2018.
2007 — (10 Sivan 5767) — Oshri Oz (aged 35) died from a shrapnel wound to the head sustained in an explosion of an Arab rocket. Oz became the second Israeli to die in Sderot during the current escalation and the tenth victim of Arab rockets. On May 15, Shir’el Friedman (aged 32) died in the city — she was passing by a car that was hit by a rocket.Yakov Yakubov (aged 43), who worked at the Of Kor factory, died in Sderot’s industrial zone on November 22, 2006. A week earlier, Fakhima Slutzker (aged 57) from Sderot died in a rocket explosion in the city centre.In July 2005, Dana Galkovich (aged 22) died in Nativ HaAsara when a rocket hit her house. On January 15, 2005, Ayala Abukasis (aged 17) died in Sderot, having shielded her brother. In September 2004, two‑year‑old Dorit Inaso and four‑year‑old Yuval Abebe were killed in Sderot by a rocket attack. In June 2004, three‑year‑old Efik Ohayon and fifty‑year‑old Mordechai Yusupov died in Sderot when a rocket exploded near a kindergarten.