History events
-1313 BCE — (16 Nisan 2448) The Jews, having left Egypt the day before under the leadership of Moses and his brother Aaron, arrived at Etam, located on the border of Egypt and the Arabian Desert, and established their camp there
1181 — (25th of Adar, 4941) King Philip II Augustus of France (1180–1223) ordered the arrest of all Jews in Paris and the confiscation of their financial assets. They were released after a hefty ransom was paid. At that time, the king also absolved Christians of all debts owed to Jews, contingent upon the payment of one-fifth of the debt to the royal treasury
1473 — (14th of Adar-1, 5233) A three-day pogrom began in Córdoba. On that day, a Christian procession passed through the city. A rumor spread that a girl from the wealthiest Marrano household had accidentally splashed dirty water onto an image of the Virgin Mary. The mob turned on the Marranos, leading to killings, looting, and arson. The violence continued for three days. Subsequently, a decree was issued prohibiting Marranos from residing in Córdoba and its surroundings, as well as from holding any positions
1535 — (9th of Nisan, 5295) David dei Rossi a Jewish merchant from Italy, who set out for the Orient in 1534, writes his wife Sarah the following observation of life in Ottoman Palestine, «Hatred of the Jew is, in contrast to our homeland, unknown here, and the Turks hold the Jews in esteem. In this country and in Egypt, Jews are the chief officers and administrators of the customs
1630 — (29th of Adar, 5389) In Przemysl, Poland, Moses the Braider, a Jewish merchant, was accused of conspiring to desecrate the host and was burned alive
1856 — (7 Adar-2 5616) P. Kiselev, the chairman of the Committee for the Determination of Measures for the Fundamental Transformation of Jews in Russia, presented a report to Emperor Alexander II, proposing a reevaluation of all relevant laws «to align them with general forms of the assimilation of this people with the native population, as long as the moral condition of the Jews permits this.» The report was approved by the emperor
1897 — (10 Adar-2 5657) The first issue of the Jewish social-democratic newspaper of the Bund, «Leaflets of Workers,» was published
1919 — (12 Adar-2 5679) A clash occurred between a Jewish self-defense unit in Bershad and an incoming military unit of the Directory. The commander of the self-defense unit, Moshe Dobrovensky, and eight of his subordinates were killed, but a pogrom was averted. However, the Jews were still required to pay a substantial tribute.
1924 — (8 Adar-2 5684) In the RSFSR, arrests of Zionists began. A total of 3,500 individuals were arrested, mainly youths aged 17 to 23. In Ukraine, up to 2,000 were arrested, and in Belarus, 500. Most of those arrested were released after a time upon signing a pledge to cease political activities, while 132 of the most active Zionists were exiled to the Ural Mountains, Siberia, and Central Asia
1937 — (2th of Nisan, 5697) The Palestine Post reported that Shlomo Gafni, 28, and Hanoch Metz, 24, of Kfar Hahoresh were stabbed to death and their flock of 320 sheep and 70 goats stolen by Arab murderers. A bomb was thrown in Tiberias and there were various shooting incidents in Galilee. In Safed, a self-constituted Arab «National Committee» confined Jews to their quarter, subject to a rigid boycott. «We are like prisoners over whom hangs an indeterminate sentence,» one Safed Jew complained
1942 — (25 Adar-1 5702) The Holocaust. The Vatican sent an official note of protest to the government of Slovakia regarding the deportation of Jews from the country. On April 26, the Slovak bishops’ council condemned the deportation in a pastoral address. Nevertheless, the deportation of Jews from Slovakia began on March 26, with 54,000 individuals sent to Poland.
1942 — (25 Adar-1 5702) The Holocaust. In the village of Balaychuk (Berezovsky District), a self-defense unit executed 1,300 Jews from Odessa
1944 — (19th of Adar, 5704) Hanna Szenes Yoel Palgi and Peretz Goldstein were parachuted into Yugoslavia and joined a partisan group
1945 — (29th of Adar, 5705) Palestine’s 600,000 Jews ended their week of mourning for the millions of their co-religionist who have been murdered in what would come to be known as the Holocaust or the Shoah by observing a solemn day of fasting where they abstained from normal commercial and social activities. Among other things, “factories, workshops, schools, restaurants and places of entertainment were closed for hours beginning at 9 o’clock this morning.”
1946 — (11th of Adar-1, 5706) “As part of the illegal immigration to Eretz Israel («Aliya Bet»), the “Wingate” sailed from Italy with 238 maapilim («illegal immigrants») on board, mostly from Eastern Europe.”
1946 — (11 Adar-2 5706) The settlements of Birya and Ein Zeitim near Safed were dismantled by the British police, who suspected that their territory was being used as a base for smuggling illegal immigrants from Syria. On March 14, more than 2,400 individuals, members of youth organizations, and residents of Galilee and the Jezreel Valley, set out at night, in the rain, to restore Birya, circumventing police checkpoints along mountain paths and wadi beds. By dawn, tents were erected, a barbed-wire fence was installed, a flag was raised, and tree planting began, when a large police force arrived and dismantled the structures, arresting the people present
1956 — (2 Nisan 5716) The demand of 8,000 kiosk owners to raise prices on soda water and soft drinks went unheard by the Israeli government, which maintained a decision to freeze prices on these products for three years.
1956 — (5716, 2 Nisan) Israel submitted a complaint to the UN Security Council regarding breaches of peace by Arabs carrying out incursions from the Gaza Strip. The complaint included a list of 180 terrorist attacks committed by Egyptians from December 1955 to March 1956, encompassing bombings, shootings, and murders.
1960 — (15 Adar-1 5720) A meeting deemed historic took place at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York between David Ben-Gurion and West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, marking a formal reconciliation between Jews and the new Germany.
1972 — (28 Adar-1 5732) «Operation Milk.» Charlie Biton, leader of the Black Panthers movement, along with a group of activists, hijacked a milk truck intended for the affluent neighborhood of Rehavia. The bottles of milk were distributed in the shantytowns of Kiryat Yuval, accompanied by a leaflet stating: «Poor children do not receive milk, while the dogs and cats of wealthy neighborhoods are drowning in milk.»
1978 — (5th of Adar-1, 5738) The Israeli Defense Force, in retaliation for a terrorist attack three days earlier, invades and occupies southern Lebanon, under codename Operation Litani, resulting in the evacuation of at least 100,000 Lebanese, approximately 2,000 deaths, as well as the creation of United Nations Interim Forces In Lebanon (UNIFIL)
1979 — (10 Adar-2 5739) IDF soldier A. Amram, who had been captured by terrorists during a battle in Lebanon on April 5, 1978, was exchanged for 76 Arabs. This marked the first «prisoner exchange» deal with terrorist organizations.
1980 — (26 Adar-1 5740) Austria became the first Western country to grant the PLO representative official status as a new form of diplomatic recognition.
2007 — (24 Adar-1 5767) A ceremony was held on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem to inaugurate a memorial for Ethiopian Jews who perished in Sudan during their repatriation to Israel.
2013 — (3 Nisan 5773) A terrorist attack occurred. On Highway 5 near Ariel, Arabs hurled stones at the vehicle carrying Edwa Biton and her three young daughters. The stones struck the car, causing Biton to lose control and crash into a truck. One of her daughters, aged three, sustained severe injuries from the accident, while her mother and sisters suffered moderate injuries.
2022 — (11 Adar-2 5782) The Israeli government decided to construct a new city, Kasif, in the Negev, intended for members of the ultra-Orthodox community, as well as a settlement named Nitzana, located in a strategically important area near the border with Egypt.
2024 — (4 Adar-2 5784) A terrorist attack occurred at a gas station near Be’er Sheva involving cold weaponry. Senior sergeant Uri Moyale, 51, from Dimona, was killed. Before losing consciousness, he managed to shoot the terrorist, who hailed from Gaza and had moved to Israel four years prior under the family reunification program. He lived in the Bedouin town of Rahat and was a cousin of Ahmad Abu Latif, a senior IDF officer who fell in battle in southern Gaza on January 22, 2024.
People
1640 — (1st of Nisan, 5400) Talmud scholar Joel Ben Samuel Sirkis, known as the Bach, the Lublin born of Rabbi Samuel Sirkis and Sarah Jaffe of the distinguished Jaffe family and husband of Bella, the daughter of Abraham of Lwow, man of whose students went on to being the leading rabbis and Talmudists in Poland passed away today in Krakow after which he was buried at the Remah Cemetery
1854 — Paul Ehrlich was born — a German physician, bacteriologist, chemist, and biochemist; the founder of chemotherapy. He died on August 20, 1915
1879 — (19th of Adar, 5639) In Ulm, Hermann Einstein, a salesman and engineer, and Pauline Koch gave birth to Albert Einstein
1892 — (15 Adar-1 5652) Matyas Rakosi (Rosenberg) was born — a Hungarian revolutionary, political figure, and statesman. He died on February 5, 1971
1899 — (3st of Nisan, 5659) Heyman Steinthal, linguist and philosopher, died
1899 — (3st of Nisan, 5659) Ludwig Bamberger German deputy and political economist, died
1905 — Raymond Aron was born — a French sociologist, philosopher, and political figure. He died on October 17, 1983.
1912 — (25 Adar-1 5672) I. Rappoport, a Soviet geneticist, was born. He died on December 31, 1990.
1918 — (1 Nisan 5678) Abba Kovner, commander of the underground organization in the Vilna Ghetto, a Jewish poet and writer, was born in Sevastopol. He died on September 25, 1987
1961 — (26th of Adar, 5721) Akiba Rubinstein world famous chess player passed away at the age of 78.
2014 — (12 Adar-2 5774) Meir Har-Zion, known as «the best soldier in Israel since Bar-Kochba,» passed away at the age of 80. He was one of the founders of Unit 101