History events
1240 — (4th of Tammuz, 5000) A public disputation” opened at the Court of Louis IX in the presence of Queen-Mother Blanche between Parisian Talmudist Rabbi Yechiel and Nicholas Donin, an apostate who wanted all copies of the Talmud to be burned
1298 — (14th of Tammuz, 5058) Two hundred and fifty Jews murdered in Rothenburg-on-the-Tauber, 1298
1477 — (14th of Tammuz, 5237) At Ferrara, Italy, Abraham die Tintori completed printing Tur Yorch De’ah a work of halacha by Jacob ben Asher
1530 — (30 Sivan 5290) A religious dispute took place in Augsburg between Rabbi Joselmann and the converted Jew Antonius Margaritha, who misinterpreted and maligned Jewish prayers and rituals. The decisive victory of Rabbi Joselmann in the debate was documented in writing by witnesses: Vice-Chancellor Matthias Held and Dr. Brandt, and was recorded in the annals of the Augsburg magistrate. An indirect proof of this is the departure of Antonius Margaritha from the city.
1656 — (13th of Tammuz, 5416) Rabbi Menashe Ben Yisrael applied for official permission to practice Judaism in England. The Council of State granted permission.
1784 — (6th of Tammuz, 5544) The Jewish Benevolent Society of South Carolina, the oldest Jewish charitable organization in the United States, was founded today
1846 — (1 Tammuz 5606) In New York City, the first meeting of the Jewish women’s charitable organization «Order of the Three Sisters» (UOTS) took place, modeled after the men’s society B’nai B’rith.
1867 — (22 Sivan 5627) In Russia, a statute was adopted granting lower-ranking Jewish soldiers not only the right to reside anywhere in Russia but also the right to register themselves, their wives, and children as townspeople or merchants. However, in practice, this right was recognized only for those who entered military service based on the previously existing recruitment charter, and not for Jews who served under the law on compulsory military service
1941 — (30th of Sivan, 5701) Shoah. Many Jews were killed in a pogrom at Jassy, Romania
1941 — (30th of Sivan, 5701) Shoah. In Jedwabne, Poland, local Polish citizenry begin a pogrom aimed at the Jews living in the town
1941 — (30 Sivan 5701) Shoah. Over 2 days (including the 26th), one and a half thousand Jews were killed by local residents in Kaunas. On the same day, several hundred were killed in Šiauliai; in Toporiv (Lviv region, Ukraine), about 180 Jews were killed, and in Hertsa and Vashkivtsi (Chernivtsi region) — 60 and more than 10 Jews, respectively.
1942 — (10 Tammuz 5702) Shoah. About 2,000 Jews were deported from Lviv to Bełżec, and 100 Jews were killed on the spot. On the same day, 503 Jews were shot in Brailiv (Vinnytsia region), and over 5,000 Jews were killed in Shepetivka (Khmelnytskyi region), including Jews from Sudylkiv who had been relocated to the Shepetivka ghetto in January 1942
1943 — (22th of Sivan, 5703) The Germans began the final destruction of the people living in the Czestochowa Ghetto. The Jews put up armed resistance in a series of bunkers
1944 — (4 Tammuz 5704) A telegram from Pope Pius XII to the Hungarian head of state M. Horthy, urging him to «mitigate and alleviate human suffering» and to halt the deportation of Hungarian Jews to death camps. The telegram resulted from the Pope’s acquaintance with the so-called «Auschwitz Protocols,» which were the first documentary evidence of the horrors of the Holocaust. They were recorded by Rudolf Vrba (known as Walter Rosenberg before his escape) and Alfréd Wetzler after their escape from the concentration camp in April 1944. The protocols reached Chaim Barlas, a representative of the Jewish Agency for Rescue. Barlas personally delivered the «Protocols» to Bishop Roncalli, who was then the Apostolic Delegate in Turkey. Roncalli, in turn, immediately forwarded the testimonies to the Vatican. By July 7, the planned wave of deportations of Hungary’s 800,000 Jews was halted.
1947 — (7 Tammuz 5707) Anne Frank’s diary was published for the first time.
1949 — (28 Sivan 5709) The Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) adopted a resolution «On the errors of the Secretary of the Regional Committee of the Jewish Autonomous Region of the USSR A. K. Bakhmutsky and the Chairman of the Regional Executive Committee M. S. Levitan,» in which, among other things, they were accused of receiving «handouts» from the American Birobidjan Committee, «thereby contributing to the spread of pro-American and bourgeois-nationalist sentiments among a certain part of the region’s population.» The regional leadership was also accused of nationalism, manifestations of which were seen in plans to transform the region into an autonomous republic, in plans to create a Jewish university, in failing to uncover a «nationalist organization entrenched in the editorial board of the ‘Birobidzhaner Shtern,'» and even in the fact that a Jewish orphanage had been established. The regional leaders were dismissed from their posts and expelled from the party
1951 — (21th of Sivan, 5711) The Jerusalem Post reported that тhe quality of sweets had improved, but the quality of beverages had deteriorated, according to the Quality Control Department of the Ministry of Agriculture
1959 — (19 Sivan 5719) Reports appeared in the Israeli press about the sale of weapons to Germany, which caused a storm of indignation. The Director General of the Ministry of Defense, S. Peres, argued that the money received was being used to rearm the army, but this did not save the country from a government crisis and the resignation of the government
1975 — (16th of Tammuz, 5735) Israel handed over 20 convicted terrorists from Sinai and the Gaza Strip to Egyptian authorities today and received in exchange coffins bearing the remains of Eliyahu Hakim and Eliyahu Ben Tzuri who were hanged in Cairo” in 1945 after having been convicted of murdering Lord Moyne
1982 — (4 Tammuz 5742) During a general strike in Italy, a column of strikers in Rome stopped in front of the synagogue and chanted anti-Israeli and anti-Semitic slogans.
1982 — (4 Tammuz 5742) Operation Peace for Galilee. Beirut is completely surrounded by the Israeli army.
1991 — (13 Tammuz 5751) Beit Shemesh received city status.
2006 — (29 Sivan 5766) Terrorist attack. Arabs infiltrated Israeli territory. Lieutenant Hanan Barak and Staff Sergeant Pavel Slutsker were shot dead, and Corporal Gilad Shalit was abducted
2008 — (22th of Sivan, 5768) In Jerusalem, at 8 p.m., the Bridge of Strings, popularly known as the Calatrava Bridge, will be inaugurated at a dazzling celebration complete with performances by David De’or, Dudu Fisher, the Jerusalem Dance Troupe and hundreds of dancers — at a cost of NIS 2 million.
People
1863 — (8 Tammuz 5623) David Yudelevich was born — a writer, educator, and Hebrew teacher. He died on August 11, 1943.
1894 — (21 Sivan 5654) Annie Cohen Kopchovsky, a mother of three children, set off from Boston on a bicycle trip around the world and successfully completed the journey after 15 months
1898 — (5th of Tammuz, 5658) Seventy year old Ferdinand Julius Cohn “one of the founders of modern bacteriology and microbiology” passed away today
1936 — (5th of Tammuz, 5696) The Palestine Post reported that Haim Golowitzky, one of the founders of Atarot who was on his way to milk cows, was shot dead by Arab snipers, just outside his cowshed