History events
1270 — (2th of Tammuz, 5030) Martyrdom of Jews of Weissenburg
1298 — (12th of Tammuz, 5058) Massacre of the Jews of Wiener-Neustadt, Austria
1366 — (13th of Tamuz, 5126) The authorities of Venice, for the first time, permitted Jewish moneylenders from Mestre (a small town through which communication between the islands of the Venetian Lagoon and the mainland part of the Venice region was conducted) to establish their own settlement in Venice. This was because the Venetians needed the services of moneylenders, but non-Christians were not allowed into the city, which was inconvenient for the citizens.
1738 — (16th of Tamuz, 5498) The Emperor of Austria, under the influence of the citizens of Breslau (Wrocław), issued a decree for the expulsion of the Jews. They were required to leave the city no later than December 9th.
1794 — (25th of Sivan, 5554) A decree of Catherine the Great allowed Jews to live in Kiev. This same decree legalized the expansion of the Pale of Settlement for Russia and also increased taxes on urban Jews compared to Christian townspeople.
1847 — (9th of Tamuz, 5607) The Law on the Arrangement of Jews was adopted in Prussia. Jews were admitted to state service, but on the condition that they would not be appointed to judicial, police, or administrative positions. Jews were permitted to teach mathematics, philology, medicine, and natural sciences at universities. Jews could not become officers and did not have the right to vote in elections to local Landtags (provincial diets). Jewish communities received the status of corporations and autonomy in religious matters
1858 — (11th of Tammuz, 5618) An incident, known as the Mortara Affair, began in Bologna: Edgardo Mortara, a seven year old Jewish boy, was kidnapped by the Roman Catholic Church on the pretext that a servant girl claimed that she had baptized him. The pope, Pious IX, refused to surrender him despite many protests. The combination of the Damascus affair and this affair led to unification among many Jews and later to the establishment of the Alliance Israelite
1878 — (22nd of Sivan, 5638) During a pogrom in the city of Kalisz (Poland), a synagogue was destroyed, part of a Jewish hospital was damaged, three Jewish children were killed, several Jews were wounded, and valuables worth 200,000 rubles were stolen or destroyed. The pogrom was suppressed by troops that same evening.
1892 — (28th of Sivan, 5652) A synagogue was closed. This synagogue had been built to replace the one that had existed since 1870 at the intersection of Bolshoy Spasoglinishchevsky Lane and Solyanoy Proezd, in a two-story building owned by the landlord Ryzhenkov. The community board had rented this building from Ryzhenkov. In the mid-1880s, when the community’s financial situation improved and the lease was ending, it was decided to build a new synagogue building. For this purpose, L. S. Polyakov purchased land on the same lane, but slightly further up. In 1892, the synagogue was almost completed, but by that time, most Jews (approximately 25,000-30,000 people) had been expelled from Moscow, leaving only about 7,000. Therefore, the synagogue also became undesirable to the authorities. First, the dome was removed, and then on June 23rd, the day appointed and agreed upon with the Moscow Chief of Police for the synagogue’s opening, permission was entirely refused.
1919 — (25th of Sivan, 5679) The Russian Civil War. A pogrom occurred in Skvyra (Kiev region).
1939 — (6th of Tamuz, 5699) The settlement of Hamadia was established in the Beit She’an Valley using the «Stockade and Tower» method.
1942 — (8th of Tamuz, 5702) The Holocaust. 6,500 Jews from Starokostiantyniv were shot, including 581 Jews brought from Ostropol. On the same day, 35 Jews were executed in Bohodukhiv (Kharkiv region).
1944 — (2nd of Tamuz, 5704) The Holocaust. When in April 1944 the Nazi leadership decided to liquidate the Łódź Ghetto, the extermination of prisoners resumed in the Chełmno concentration camp. Two barracks, 20 by 10 meters, were built to kill people using the same method as before (see December 7, 1941); the crematoria were also rebuilt. By July 14th, 7,176 Jews from Łódź had been murdered. However, from mid-July, in order to accelerate the extermination, the Nazis began transporting the Jews of Łódź not to Chełmno, but to Auschwitz, where the efficiency of the gas chambers was ten times higher than in the outdated «gas vans.»
1952 — (30th of Sivan, 5712) Israel. The circulation period of the country’s first currency, the lira, which had been put into use in the summer of 1948, came to an end.
1957 — (24th of Sivan, 5717) A terrorist attack. Several Israelis were wounded by landmines near the Gaza Strip.
1967 — (15th of Sivan, 5727) The Friday prayer took place as usual at the Al-Aqsa Mosque. This became possible after an agreement was reached between the Israeli authorities of Jerusalem and the Muslim clergy to maintain Muslim control over the Temple Mount compound. Access to the Mount was opened to Jews, with the condition that they would remove their shoes upon entering the mosque and would not pray inside it
1992 — (22th of Sivan) Elections for the 13th Knesset. Labor – 44 mandates, Likud – 32, Meretz – 12, Religious parties – 16. The 13th Knesset functioned for about four years, during which two governments operated: the 25th, headed by Yitzhak Rabin, and the 26th government, headed by Shimon Peres.Yitzhak Rabin wins the Israeli parliamentary elections and becomes Prime Minister for the second time.
People
1608 — (19th of Tammuz, 5368) Samuel Pallache “a Jewish-Moroccan merchant, diplomat and pirate met stadholder Maurice of Nassau and the States-General in The Hague to negotiate an alliance of mutual assistance against Spain
1700 — (17th of Tammuz, 5460) Solomon de Medina was dubbed a knight by William III. He was the first Jew to receive this honor. Medina was military contractor who would provide invaluable aid to the Duke of Marlborough during the War of Spanish Succession
1909 — Caesar Lvovich Kunikov was born. He was the commander of a landing unit that captured the «Malaya Zemlya» (Little Land) bridgehead, and a Hero of the Soviet Union. He died on February 14, 1943.
1915 — (11th of Tamuz, 5665) Children’s author Oded Burla was born in Jerusalem. He died on July 26, 2009