History events
67 (20 Sivan 3827) — The Jewish War. The assault on Jotapata. “In the morning, Vespasian, after a brief rest from the strenuous night’s work, led his army to the attack.”
120 (18 Sivan 3881) — Rabbi Gamliel II died. He was the successor of Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai, who founded the Talmudic academy in Yavne after the war with Rome. Gamliel helped establish new spiritual leadership and laid the foundation for survival in the Diaspora; he played a key role in maintaining peace between the Jewish community and Rome.
1475 (16 Tammuz 5235) — The beginning of a two‑day series of executions of eight Jews from the city of Trento (Tyrol), who were accused of a blood libel. Six were burned at the stake; two, who converted to Christianity before their death, were strangled. The Jews had been arrested on March 28, tortured, and some, unable to endure the torments, confessed to ritual murder.
1554 (21 Tammuz 5314) — A meeting of 14 Italian rabbis in Ferrara ruled that Jewish books must bear the printed approval of three rabbis and the head of the community. This was intended to prevent the emergence of Jewish publications that might provoke new Vatican bans, and also to affirm the publisher’s and author’s right to print the book (similar to a licence from the papal nuncio). The ruling caused sharp discontent among Christians who published Jewish books, but the rabbis’ ban on buying books without approval forced them to comply.
1689 — (13th of Tammuz, 5449) The Maisel Synagogue burned today when fire swept through the ghetto in Prague. Built in the early 1590’s, it takes its name from Mordechai and Frumel Maisel, who financed its construction. Today a rebuilt version of the synagogue services a Jewish Museum in Prague
1908 (22 Sivan 5668) — The workers’ settlement Ein Ganym was founded near Petah Tikva.
1942 (6 Tammuz 5702) — Due to the threat of a Nazi invasion of Eretz Israel, the authorities of Jewish Palestine declared a general mobilisation of men aged 18 to 45, and a fundraiser for a mobilisation fund, mainly to assist the families of those mobilised. By the end of 1942, about 20 000 men and women had joined the self‑defence forces.
1942 (6 Tammuz 5702) — Shoah. Apparently, 1 700 Jews were shot in Orinin (Khmelnytsky region), and 300 skilled workers were transferred to the Kamenetz‑Podolsk ghetto
1942 — (6th of Tammuz, 5702) At Tirzt Zevi, Israel, the temperature reached 129 degrees F (54 degrees C)
1943 (18 Sivan 5703) — Shoah. Himmler issued an order to liquidate all remaining ghettos in the territory of the Ostland.
1943 — (18th of Sivan, 5703) Нolocaust ….. In Lvov, The Germans murdered most of the remaining ghetto population; аll Jewish workers at municipal factories in Drogobych, Ukraine, are killed German Professor August Hirt chooses 103 Jewish men and women at Auschwitz to be transported to the Natzweiler-Struthof camp near Strasbourg, France. There they are gassed. The soft tissues of their bodies; are removed, and their skeletons are strung up as exhibits in the Reich Anatomical Institute of Strasbourg for the study of the Jewish race
1948 (14 Sivan 5708) — Israeli Military Hospital No. 5 was established on the basis of British Hospital No. 26. Since June 1, 1953, it has been Sheba Hospital, now the Sheba Medical Center in Tel Aviv.
1948 (14 Sivan 5708) — Ben‑Gurion’s diary: “The brigades now have 16 400 rifles; it was decided to immediately allocate 2 000 rifles to the settlers; there are currently 2 900 rifles in stock.”
1950 (6 Tammuz 5710) — The Politburo of the Central Committee of the All‑Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) adopted a resolution on combating cosmopolitanism in the automobile and tractor industry of the USSR, which led to mass dismissals of Jews at all enterprises of the ministry
1951 — (17th of Sivan, 5711) The Jerusalem Post reported that the Post Office planned to establish its own bank, under the new Postal Bank Law; that at least 35 political parties put up candidates for the forthcoming Second Knesset elections. (This number was later reduced to 20.)
1955 (1 Tammuz 5715) — The Knesset passed a law on military courts.
1961 (7 Tammuz 5721) — The film Exodus, based on the novel of the same name by L. Uris, was first shown at the Tsafon cinema in Tel Aviv (or on June 16, 1960). The public’s reaction was restrained due to the American interpretation of the event
1969 — (5nd of Tammuz, 5729) In response to Egyptian artillery attacks and other hostile acts, Israeli naval commandos attack and destroy the Egyptian radar facility at Ras El-Adabiya. The destruction of the radar complex left the Egyptians “blind” when Israeli jets attacked the artillery bases that had been firing on the Israelis
1970 (17 Sivan 5730) — Israel rejected another American peace plan, according to which it would have to withdraw to the 1967 borders, while the Arabs were to recognise Israel’s sovereignty and political independence. However, all this was to be done gradually, and for now, at least to cease fire and sit down at the negotiating table under UN mediation.
1972 (9 Tammuz 5732) — A special forces operation to capture Syrian officers suitable for exchange with captured Israeli pilots. Five high‑ranking Syrian officers were taken by the Israelis. Eight months after Operation Argaz‑3, on June 3, 1973, Captain Pinni Nachmani, Captain Gidon Magen, and Lieutenant Boaz Eitan were exchanged for five high‑ranking Syrian officers and 46 Syrian soldiers
1977 — (5nd of Tammuz, 5737)Menachem Begin became the sixth Prime Minister of Israel. This marked a major shift in Israeli politics. The Labor-Zionists who had dominated the government since the start of the state were out and the Revisionists had gained power.
1982 (30 Sivan 5742) — Operation Peace for Galilee. The start of a tank battle with Syria, lasting a week and ending in Syria’s defeat. The Beirut‑Damascus highway was cut.
2011 (19 Sivan 5771) — In the Old City of Jerusalem, a ceremonial opening of a new area of the archaeological park, named the “Walls of Ophel”, took place. The “Walls of Ophel” became part of the national archaeological park located along the walls of the Old City. The Ophel complex includes remnants of city gates from the First Temple period (11th–6th centuries BCE), one city building, part of a tower, and a section of the wall. These structures were built during the reign of King Solomon. In addition, the complex includes remnants of buildings from the Second Temple era and two towers from the Byzantine period.
2015 (4 Tammuz 5775) — Terrorist attack. An Arab armed with a knife attacked border guards near the Shechem Gate of the Old City in Jerusalem. One border guard was seriously injured
People
120 — (18th of Sivan, 3881) This date marked the passing of Rabbi Gamliel II. Rabbi Gamliel was the successor to Rabbi Johanan Ben-Zakkai who had set up the Talmudic Academy in Yavneh after the war against Rome. Gamliel helped establish a new spiritual leadership and designed the foundation for survival in the Diaspora. He played a key role in keeping the peace between the Jewish community and Rome
1630 — (21nd of Tammuz, 5390) Birthdate of Samuel Oppenheimer “Jewish banker, imperial court diplomat, factor, and military supplier for the Holy Roman Emperor” who was the father of Simon Wolf Oppenheimer who established his own banking house in Hanover and Jakob Wolf Oppenheimer under who Mayer Amschel Rothschild served his apprenticeship
1727 — (2nd of Tammuz, 5487) Joseph Jacob van Geldern the banker who was the “Court Jew” for Elector Johann Whilhelm passed away today
1812 — (11nd of Tammuz, 5572) Birthdate of Moses Hess, an early advocate of a league of nations and a Jewish state in Palestine. His most famous work was entitled Rome and Jerusalem published in 1862. He died in 1875
1819 — (28th of Sivan, 5579) Jacques Offenbach, composer, born
1880 (12 Tammuz 5640) — Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, the 6th Lubavitcher Rebbe, was born
1881 — (24th of Sivan, 5641) Birthdate of Dov Ber Borochov,a Marxist Zionist and one of the founders of the Labor Zionist movement as well as a pioneer in the study of Yiddish as a language. He passed away in 1917
1896 (10 Tammuz 5656) — Ya. Epstein (Yakovlev) was born — a revolutionary, future Minister of Agriculture from 1929 to 1934. He was executed on July 29, 1938.
1921 — Judy Holiday (Tuwim) was born — an American film actress. She died in 1954.
1928 — (3nd of Tammuz, 5688) Birthdate of Judith Raskin, one of America’s greatest lyric sopranos of the twentieth century. She was not only famous for her voice but also for her acting. Judith Raskin died on December 21, 1984, after a long struggle with cancer
1928 (3 Tammuz 5688) — Shlomo Baum was born — Lieutenant Colonel of the Israel Defense Forces, deputy commander of Unit 101. He died on January 17, 1999
1964 — (11th of Tammuz, 5724) Three Civil Rights workers, Andrew Goodman, James Cheney and Mickey Schwermer were brutally murdered in Neshoba County, Mississippi by members of the Ku Klux Klan. ….. Goodman and Schwermer were both Jewish. Cheney was an Afro-American. Goodman and Schwermer had come South as part of group who were determined to help Blacks register to vote. An all-white jury acquitted their killers, who included local law enforcement officials, of murder charges. They were later prosecuted in federal court and found guilty of having deprived the young trio of their civil rights. Goodman and Schwermer were part of a whole cadre of Jews who participated in the fight for equality for Blacks
2003 — (21st of Sivan, 5763) Novelist Leon Uris passed away. ….. Uris first reached popular and critical acclaim with Battle Cry a novel about Marines fighting World War II. Coincidentally, Uris had served with the Marines. He hit the literary and financial jackpot with Exodus, a novel that depicted the birth of the state of Israel. He followed with other books with Jewish themes including Mila 18, QB VII, The Haj and Mitla Pass