History events
1235 — (2 Tamuz 4995) A letter from Pope Gregory IX to the Bishop of Paris, the Prior of the Dominicans, and the Minister of the Franciscans, calling for the burning of all copies of the Talmud. On the same day, the Pope wrote to the King of Portugal, ordering him to ensure that all copies of the Talmud were confiscated and handed over to the Dominicans or Franciscan
1391 — (17th of Tammuz, 5151) Four thousand Jews slain at Toledo
1478 — (19 Tamuz 5238) A bull from Pope Sixtus IV, asserting the justice of the trial against the Jews of Trent, who were subjected to a blood libel. By this time, 13 Jews of Trent had been executed, and the others were expelled. Their property was confiscated
1567 — (13th of Tammuz, 5327) Jews were expelled from Brazil by order of Regent Don Henrique
1757 — (2th of Tammuz, 5517) In Kameiek (Podolia), the Frankists, ….. calling themselves Zoharists, decided to wage war against the Talmud. They contacted the local bishop, Dembovsky, and convinced him to arrange a disputation. Naturally, the Talmud was condemned and thousands of copies were burned. The Frankists then became practicing Christians. The Frankists were Jews who were followers of Jacob Frank who had proclaimed himself the Messiah
1767 — (23th of Sivan, 5527) Cossacks slay thousands of Jews at Homel, Poland
1768 — (5th of Tammuz, 5528) The third of the Haidamack uprisings called Koliyivschyna began
1933 — (26 Sivan 5693) An Agricultural High School was established in Lower Galilee, one of the most famous and oldest agricultural schools in Israel. The funds for its establishment were provided by Iraqi businessman Elias Kaduri.
1935 — (19 Sivan 5695) The cornerstone for the construction of the «Habima» theater was laid in Tel Aviv.
1939 — (3 Tamuz 5699) An act of vengeance in the village of Lubiya for the death of a Jew who was a member of the Afikim kibbutz. Several members of the kibbutz infiltrated the village, fired automatic weapons at one of the outskirts houses, and threw a grenade inside. Several Arabs were killed. A few days later, the newspaper «Davar» condemned this action
1941 — (25th of Sivan, 5701) As of today, more than 2,000,000 Jews live in New York City
1942 — (5 Tamuz 5702) The Holocaust. The Jewish operation in Lutsk concluded: over two days, a total of 2,000 Jews were shot
1943 — (17th of Sivan, 5703) Five thousand Jews from Amsterdam are deported to Auschwitz; The Ternopol (Ukraine) Ghetto is liquidated.
1945 — (9 Tamuz 5705) British police arrested and interned over two thousand residents of Jewish Palestine, including many leaders of the Jewish Agency
1948 — (13th of Sivan, 5708) During the Israeli War for Independence, ….. the Etzel (Irgun) ship Altelena reached the coast of Tel Aviv carrying 800 new immigrants and weapons. The Etzel claimed they had an agreement that 20% of the arms on board would be used by its members in defending Jerusalem. David Ben Gurion, head of the new state of Israel, saw this as threat to the power of the new government. He believed that there could only be one army and that it had to be under the control of the national government. If the Irgun wanted to fight, then its members had to become part of the army just as the members of the Palmach and the Haganah had done. Ben Gurion refused to accept any compromise on this point. He ordered the ship to be fired upon. The incident almost caused a civil war and was only averted by an impassioned and at times incoherent speech made by Menachem Begin to his followers over the radio that night not to take up arms against fellow Jews. One only has to look at multiplicity of armed groups operating today on the West Bank and Gaza to see what would have happened if Ben Gurion had not reluctantly taken such bold action which was necessary if the new state of Israel was going to be a coherent nation
1948 — (13 Sivan 5708) The suburban train service from Haifa to Kiryat Motzkin and further to Nahariya was opened.
1949 — (23 Sivan 5709) The number of the Israel Defense Forces on this day was 58,750
1951 — (16th of Sivan, 5711) The Jerusalem Post reported that legislation empowered the minister of finance to underwrite up to 50 percent of mortgage loans for the construction of low-cost housing; that Britain had promised to press Egypt to open the Suez Canal for oil tankers bound for the Haifa refineries.
1954 — (19 Sivan 5714) Terrorist attack. Three Jews from the settlement of Mevo Beitar were killed by Arabs in the Jerusalem hills.
1956 — (11 Tamuz 5716) The destroyers «Jaffa» and «Haifa,» built in England, arrived in Haifa. Shortly before this, Egypt received two destroyers from the USSR.
1977 — (4 Tamuz 5737) Following the elections of the 9th Knesset, M. Begin formed the 18th government.
1982 — (29 Sivan 5742) Operation «Peace for Galilee.» The IDF occupied the international airport in Beirut. Syrian troops and PLO militants did not defend it and withdrew their forces to residential quarters of Beirut.
2002 — (10 Tamuz 5762) Terrorist attack. Rachel Shabo, a resident of the Itamar settlement, and her three children: Neria (16 years), Tzvi (13 years), and Avishai (5 years) were shot by an Arab who broke into their home. A neighbor, Yossi Tsvito, who came to their aid, was also killed. Two more of Rachel Shabo’s children were seriously injured. As a result of the shootout, the terrorist was eliminated. The Shabo family’s house burned down.
2005 — (13 Sivan 5765) Terrorist attack. A female suicide bomber was detained at the «Erez» checkpoint with a suicide belt weighing 10 kg. She was treated for a domestic injury at «Soroka» hospital in Be’er Sheva, where she had access under medical permission.
2010 — (8 Tamuz 5770) The Jewish National Fund opened a new children’s playground in the moshav of Tel Amim in memory of Lieutenant Colonel Emanuel Moreno, who was killed in the Second Lebanon War.
2017 — (26 Sivan 5777) Work began on the construction of a new settlement, Amichai, on state lands located near the settlement of Shilo (Samaria), intended for residents of the Amona settlement, which was evacuated and dismantled from February 1-3, 2017, by the decision of the High Court of Justice, which ruled that the settlement had been built on private lands.
2023 — (1 Tamuz 5783) Terrorist attack in Samaria. At a gas station near the settlement of Eli, Arabs exited a vehicle and opened fire on Israelis standing in line at a snack bar. Four people were killed, and several were injured.
2024 — (15 Sivan 5784) In Qalqilya, Arabs killed a 67-year-old merchant from Petah Tikva. He was the owner of a vegetable stall in the city market and had been buying vegetables in Qalqilya for many years, where many sellers knew him.
2025 — (24 Sivan 5785) Operation «People as a Lion.» Day eight. The first combat use of the «Barak» system, which was introduced into the air defense forces of the IDF: an Iranian strike drone that penetrated Israeli airspace was intercepted
People
1510 — (12th of Tammuz, 5270) Birthdate of Beatrice de Luna who gained fame as Gracia Mendes Nasi one of the richest and most powerful women of her times who was the mother-in-law of Don Joseph Nasi
1808 — Names. (25 Sivan 5568) Samson Raphael Hirsch was born — a thinker, rabbi, and advocate of Orthodox Judaism. Died on December 31, 1888.
1819 — (27 Sivan 5579) Jacques Offenbach was born — a French composer, the founder of classical operetta. Died on October 5, 1880.
1887 — (28 Sivan 5647) Richard Kaufman was born — an Israeli architect and urban planner. Died on February 3, 1958.
1891 — (14 Sivan 5651) Robert Welch was born — a journalist. He was the editor of the bi-weekly newspaper «Jewish Review» published in Berlin. He became widely known in Germany after the publication of the article «Wear it proudly, this yellow badge!» on April 4, 1933. Died on December 22, 1982.
1905 — Lillian Hellman was born — an American writer and playwright. Died in 1984.
1926 — (8th of Tammuz, 5686) Birthdate of Rehavam «Gandhi» Ze’evi the native of Jerusalem who rose to the rank of general and founded the Moledet Party
1944 — (29 Sivan 5704) Gabriel Barkai was born — an Israeli archaeologist. In the summer of 1979, expeditions under his leadership discovered the oldest biblical text mentioning the Name of God of Israel. Gabriel Barkai died on January 11, 2026
1947 — (2nd of Tammuz, 5707) Ben «Bugsy» Siegel was gunned down by fellow mobsters over financial irregularities surrounding the building of the Flamingo in Las Vegas, twenty minutes after Bugsy Siegel was murder, Meyer Lansky’s associates, including Gus Greenbaum and Moe Sedway, walked into the Flamingo Hotel and took control of the property
1954 — (19th of Sivan, 5714) In Ramat Gan, Louis (Lutz) Eliezer Wolfermann and Tonya Krepel gave birth to Ilan Ramon, Israel’s first astronaut
2002 — (10th of Tammuz, 5762) Rachel Shabo, 40, and three of her sons — Neria, 16, Zvika, 12, and Avishai, 5 — as well as a neighbor, Yosef Twito, 31, who came to their aid, were murdered when a terrorist entered their home in Itamar, south of Nablus, and opened fire
2003 — (20th of Sivan, 5763) Zvi Goldstein, 47, of Eli, was killed when his car was fired upon in an ambush by Palestinian terrorists near Ofra, north of Ramallah. His parents, Eugene and Lorraine Goldstein, from New York, were seriously wounded and his wife lightly injured
2007 — (4 Tamuz 5767) The well-known Israeli journalist Zeev Schiff died at the age of 75.
2024 — (15 Sivan 5784) War with Gaza. Day 258. Reserve Sergeant Omer Smadja, 25 years old, and Sergeant Saadia Yaakov Deri, 27 years old, were killed. In the same battle, three soldiers were seriously injured