History events
1510 — (1 Av 5270) In Constantinople, a printed edition of the work «Halichot Olam» (literally translated as «The Ways of the World») by Rabbi Yeshua ben Yosef Ha-Levi was published. The main purpose of the book, written in 1490, was to explain the rules used in the process of analyzing and interpreting the Talmud(1th of Av, 5270) A printed edition of Halikhot Olam, Talmudic dissertations by “Rabbi Jeshua ben Joseph Ha-Levi was published at Constantinople
1550 — (24 Tammuz 5310) All Marranos of Venice were ordered to leave the city within two months. Venetian citizens were henceforth forbidden to engage in trade relations with them.
1654 — (4 Av 5414) Those who would become the first Jewish settlers in North America sailed on the ship «St. Catherine» from the port of Recife and set course for the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam. This group included 4 married couples, 2 unmarried women, and 13 children. Among the passengers was Asser Levy, who gained fame for winning, through the court in 1655, the right to serve in the militia (service at that time was a matter of honor, which had been denied to Jews due to «untrustworthiness»). He also obtained permission to organize trade and eventually became the owner of a kosher butcher shop.
1861 — (1 Av 5621) The Jews of Jerusalem demanded that Governor Suraya Pasha hand over the keys to the city to them «according to the law, due to the death of one sultan and the ascension of another to the throne… The Pasha did not reject the demand but consulted his council… The decision was in favor of the Jews: the council knew that the Jews are the ancient owners of the country… Said Pasha went to the Jewish Quarter, was escorted to the house of the Chief Rabbi, and in the presence of a large crowd, the Pasha handed him the keys.» (E. Pierotti, «Customs and Traditions of Palestine,» cited in B. Shustef’s article «Jerusalem and the Temple Mount – Forgotten Facts,» «Vestnik» magazine, USA, 2000)
1920 — (22 Tammuz 5680) V. Jabotinsky and his comrades from the Jerusalem self-defense were released from prison under an amnesty declared as a reconciliatory gesture by Herbert Samuel, who had just assumed the post of head of the civil administration of Palestine. The Arabs arrested in connection with the same Jerusalem riots were also freed.
1937 — (29th of Tammuz, 5697) The Polish press criticized the partition plan for Palestine proposed by the British government because this smaller version of a Jewish state will not provide a large enough state to entice the majority of Polish Jews to emigrate and the Poles are adamant in being willing to do anything to rid their country of its ancient Jewish population
1938 — (9 Tammuz 5698) Terrorist attack. A bomb planted by the Irgun (ETZEL) exploded at a bus stop near the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem. Three killed, 19 wounded.
1941 — (13 Tammuz 5701) Shoah. The occupation authorities in Kaunas published an order for Jews to relocate within a month to the suburb where a Jewish ghetto was being established. The number of ghetto prisoners immediately after the resettlement was 29,760 people.
1941 — (13 Tammuz 5701) Shoah. The murders of Jews in the village of Boyany continued. 45 Jews were killed in Lyubeshiv (Volyn Oblast). Apparently on the same day, 98 Jews from the villages of Stara and Nova Zhuchka and Sadhora (Chernivtsi Oblast) were killed. The murders of Jews in Chernivtsi continued
1941 — (13th of Tammuz, 5701) Нolocaust ….. The Ponary Executions begin. Hundreds of Jews were taken to the resort of Ponary, stripped of all belongings, marched to the edge of a fire pit and then shot into the pit. Ponary was near Vilna, Lithuania. Over 100,000 Jews were murdered there and buried in pits. In 1943, the SS dug up the pits and burned the bodies in an attempt to hide their crime; нundreds of Jews are killed at Noua Sulita, Romania
1942 — (23 Tammuz 5702) Shoah. In France, Jews were forbidden to visit public places, parks, and sports grounds. It was announced that they could only shop during one specific hour per day. All these orders applied only in the occupied territory.
1948 — (1th of Tammuz, 5708) During the War of Independence, ….. the First Truce comes to an end a day earlier than planned when Egyptian forces begin their attacks in the Negev; Today marks the first day in the Battles of Ten Days during which the Golani Brigade managed to repel the Arab Liberation Army attack on Sejera from Lubya, and helped capture Nazareth and eventually Lubya in Operation Dekel; For the fifth time, Israeli forces attacked the Egyptian-held police fort of Iraq Suwaydan
1958 — (20 Tammuz 5718) Government debates began in Israel on the question «Who is a Jew?»
1959 — (2 Tammuz 5719) Clashes in Haifa between immigrants from Morocco and the police. 15 policemen were injured. The unrest, which began as a drunken brawl, grew into public outrage caused by the everyday problems of immigrants from North Africa who considered themselves a discriminated minority.
1964 — (28 Tammuz 5724) A memorial meeting in the Knesset in memory of Ze’ev Jabotinsky and his wife on the day their remains arrived in Jerusalem
1976 — (10th of Tammuz, 5736) The Jerusalem Post reported that ….. for the sixth successive month this year, Israel’s exports exceeded the official target by 20 percent. Israel’s foreign currency reserves increased by $11m., reaching $1,034m., a sign of the positive trend in Israel’s trade; that a facsimile edition of the Aleppo Codex — the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible — was unveiled to the press in Jerusalem. The Aleppo-Codex was written in Palestine in the early tenth century. It is the earliest known Hebrew manuscript comprising the full text of the Tanach. The Codex was taken to Egypt in the eleventh century and then to the Syrian city of Aleppo (hence its name) in the fourteenth century. The Codex was moved to its final, permanent home in Jerusalem in 1958
1984 — (8 Tammuz 5744) The settlement of Kedar was established in the Judean Mountains, at an altitude of 450 meters (or in 1985).
1993 — (19 Tammuz 5753) On the northern border, two soldiers from the Givati Brigade were killed by terrorists. Four more servicemen died the following day. July 20 — shelling of Kiryat Shmona, July 22 — an officer was shot dead
1999 — (24th of Tammuz, 5759) The Israeli Supreme Court ruled 2-1 that Israeli citizens can choose either secular or religious dates for their tombstones, thus limiting the power of Orthodox rabbis
2003 — (8th of Tammuz, 5763) Today, Wikipedia, the informational website, introduced its Hebrew language version
2013 — (1 Av 5773) The Knesset approved a law allowing police to enter the homes of individuals disturbing neighbors with their noise. Previously, police needed a search warrant to enter private premises
2014 — (10th of Tammuz, 5774) Israel launched Operation Protective Edge today.
2024 — (2 Tammuz 5784) About 500 pilgrims, under military cover, visited Joseph’s Tomb in Shechem (Nablus). This was the first mass pilgrimage to Joseph’s Tomb since the start of the war with Gaza. On October 18th, the tomb was vandalized by Arabs following a false report that the IDF was supposedly involved in the deaths of hundreds of people near the Al-Ahli Hospital in the Gaza Strip
People
1690 — (12nd of Av, 5450) After having been arrested and forced to ride a horse from which he fell several times, Rabbi Aaron ben Moses Teomim of Worms, author of Mate Aharon died while on his way to prison from a combination of fright and ill-treatment
1824 — (12th of Tammuz, 5584) Birthdate of Kovno native and supporter of Jewish settlement in Palestine Kaloynymous Zeeb Wolf Wissotzky, who provided most of the money for the establishment of the Be ha-Sefer school at Jaffa and who funded the establishment of a Talmud Torah that included technical classes in Bialystok while leaving a million ruble bequest at his death to be used for Jewish national purposes
1831 — (27th of Tammuz, 5591) Seligmann Heller, German poet, born
1885 — Ernst Bloch was born — a German philosopher and sociologist. He died on August 4, 1977.
1901 — Simon Kuznets was born — an American economist. He died on July 8, 1985.
2025 — (12 Tammuz 5785) War with Gaza. Day six hundred and forty-one. Staff Sergeant Meir Shimon Amar, 20 years old, Sergeant Moshe Nissim Fresh, 20 years old, Staff Sergeant Noam Aaron Musgadian, 20 years old, Staff Sergeant Moshe Shmuel Knoll, 21 years old, Reserve Staff Sergeant Binyamin Asulin, 28 years old, from Haifa, were killed; fourteen soldiers were wounded