History events
1348 — (10th of Av, 5108) Pope Clement VI issued a Papal Bull protecting Jews during the Black Plague. Clement issued two papal bulls in 1348 which condemned the violence and said those who blamed the plague on the Jews had been ‘seduced by that liar, the Devil.’ He urged clergy to take action to protect Jews, but the orders appeared to have little effect, and the destruction of whole Jewish communities continued until 1349”
1476 — (14th of Tammuz, 5236) Abraham ben Solomon Conat a Jewish printer, Talmudist, and physician, printed Tur Orah Hayyim by Jacob b. Asher at Mantua, Italy.
1882 — (19th of Tammuz, 5642) The first 14 members of BILU arrived from Russia ….. at the port of Yaffa in what is now the land of Israel. The letters BILU are the initials for the Hebrew expression, «House of Jacob Let Us Rise and Go.» BILU was formed by Russian students at the University of Khrakov who called for the active colonization of the land. The students hired themselves out as agricultural laborers at Mikve Yisrael. They believed it was possible to start a worldwide movement to encourage settlement in Eretz Israel
1920 — (20th of Tammuz, 57680) In the UK, dedication of the London Jewish Hospital
1937 — (27th of Tammuz, 5697) Using the «Stockade and Tower» method, Kibbutz Ein Gev and Kibbutz Maoz Haim (Haim’s Fortress) were founded.
1938 — (7th of Tammuz, 5698) Terrorist attack. Explosions at the Arab market in Haifa, organized by the Irgun (Etzel). An Irgun militant, disguised as an Arab porter, placed bombs in milk cans. Several explosions occurred. 21 people were killed, 52 were wounded. On the same day, a bomb exploded at the market in the Old City of Jerusalem, killing two people. The beginning of riots in which 80 Jews lost their lives.
1938 — (7th of Tammuz, 5698) The Holocaust. An international conference opened at the French resort of Évian, dedicated to the fate of Jewish forced migrants from Germany and Austria. It lasted a week. No concrete decisions were made.
1941 — (11th of Tammuz, 5701) The Liepāja newspaper «Kurzemes Vārds» wrote in an article titled «Beat the Yids!»: «The Latvian people would never have freed themselves from the Jewish yoke if German armed forces had not entered Latvia. Jewry must be eradicated, the Latvian people must cleanse themselves of Jewish filth, so that they can freely build their lives and participate in the construction of the new order in Europe.»
1941 — (11th of Tammuz, 5701) The Holocaust. The murders of Jews continued in Skalat, Hrymailiv, and Berezhany. The murders of Jews began in Chernivtsi. On the same day, in the villages of Ulashkivtsi, Dolyna, and Svidova (Ternopil Oblast), 97 Jews were killed; 19 Jews were burned alive in a synagogue in Velyki Mosty (Lviv Oblast); 11 Jews were shot in Stryi; and, presumably on this same day, 15 Jews were killed in Yavoriv, 10 in Hlyniany, and 14 in Novyi Yarychiv (all in Lviv Oblast). On the same day, a Jewish camp was established in Novoselytsia, and the evacuation of Jews from Banyliv and surrounding villages (Chernivtsi Oblast) to Storozhynets began.
1941 — (11th of Tammuz, 5701) Lithuanian militiamen murdered 2,514 Jews in Kovno
1942 — (21th of Tammuz, 5702) The first issue of Eynikeyt (Unity), a Yiddish-language journal of the Soviet Jewish Antifascist Committee, is published
1944 — (15th of Tammuz, 5704) The Holocaust. The Jewish Agency (Sokhnut) sent a letter to Foreign Minister Anthony Eden requesting the bombing of the approach railways to Auschwitz, used to transport hundreds of thousands of Hungarian Jews for extermination in the gas chambers. On September 1, 57 days later, the British Foreign Office replied to the Jewish Agency. During that time, the majority of Hungary’s Jews had been exterminated. «Bombing is impossible due to enormous technical difficulties.» In the summer of 1944, Prime Minister Churchill ordered the Air Force to drop supplies for the Polish Home Army. Despite the fact that the supplies could be intercepted by the Nazis, Churchill was not deterred by «technical difficulties.» 181 sorties were carried out. The planes took off from the Foggia airbase in Italy. «The Jewish Agency’s request would have been much easier to fulfill: Auschwitz was 200 miles closer to Foggia than Warsaw. The railway line from Budapest and Budapest itself were easily reachable. After the war, Royal Air Force Commander Marshal of the Air Force A. Harris said he did not recall being asked about such an operation and confirmed its feasibility.»
1950 — (21st of Tammuz, 5710) Israel. The Law of Return was published. Entry into the country was forbidden for two categories of Jews: those who had acted against the Jewish people, and those who were afflicted with a contagious disease or posed a danger to state security.
1950 — (21th of Tammuz, 5710) In Israel, hospital nurses went on strike demanding a 42-hour work week during the summer months at government run hospitals. Private hospitals and those administered by trade unions have already agreed to the demand and are not affected by the strike
1951 — (2th of Tammuz, 5711) The Jerusalem Post reported that ….. after all final registration demands were met, 16 political parties became entitled to compete in the Second Knesset elections. Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion was cheered wildly on his pre-election tour by more than 5,000 Migdal Ashkelon residents. He advised all persons between 20 and 40 years of age to learn to bear arms and assured the gathered crowds that their town would become the second port city in the south of the country, after Eilat. Following the discovery of major irregularities in the shoe industry, the authorities froze all stocks held by shoe manufacturers and ordered a strict shoe sales control throughout the country. Three persons were wounded in the Musrara Quarter of Jerusalem by Arab snipers, aiming at Israeli passersby from the walls of the Old City
1960 — (11th of Tammuz, 5720) The first Israeli-made aircraft, the «Fouga Magister,» was delivered to the Israeli Air Force. Ben-Gurion and IAF Commander E. Weizmann attended the ceremony.
1961 — (22nd of Tammuz, 5721) Israel launched its first experimental meteorological rocket of domestic production, the «Shavit-2.»
1976 — (8th of Tammuz, 5736) Terrorist attack. A bomb exploded in the Flores community center in Buenos Aires.
1977 — (20th of Tammuz, 5737) One person was killed and twenty-two were wounded when terrorists bombed a market in Petah Tikvah
1989 — (3rd of Tammuz, 5749) A terrorist seized a bus traveling between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. He forced the bus to crash into a ravine where it burst into flames killing sixteen passengers many of whom burned in their seats
2007 — (20th of Tammuz, 5767) The «Egged» bus company introduced night routes connecting central Jerusalem with residential neighborhoods and nearby suburbs. The routes were numbered from 101 to 106. The «Dan» bus cooperative introduced routes only on Thursday night through Friday morning, from midnight to 5:00 AM. They connected central Tel Aviv with Kfar Saba, Ra’anana, Herzliya, Rishon LeZion, Holon, Bat Yam, Petah Tikva, and Rosh HaAyin.
2010 — (24th of Tammuz, 5770) The European Mountain Bike Championship began in Haifa. It lasted 3 days.
2015 — (19th of Tammuz, 5775) An order by the Chief of General Staff of Israel, Gadi Eizenkot, regarding the establishment of a special operations «commando» brigade in the IDF.
2020 — (14th of Tammuz, 5780) The «Ofek-16» spy satellite was launched into space. On July 14, the satellite provided its first images to Earth.
2023 — (17th of Tammuz, 5783) Terrorist attack near the Kedumim settlement in Samaria. Staff Sergeant Shilo Yosef Amir was killed.
People
1570 — (23rd of Tammuz, 5330) Rabbi Moshe bar Yaakov Cordovero — a famous expert in Kabbalah — died at the age of 48.
1625 — (11th of Tammuz, 5385) Rabbi Yom-Tov Lipman Heller is placed in prison along with common criminals in a Vienna jail after having been wrongfully convicted of abusing his authority as Chief Rabbi of Prague
1885 — Alexander Tairov — theater director — was born. He died on September 25, 1950.
1897 — (6th of Tammuz, 5657) David Tidhar — writer, intelligence officer, one of the founders of the State of Israel, public and statesman — was born. He died on December 15, 1970.
1892 — Jack Yellen — American poet and screenwriter — was born. He wrote the song «My Yiddishe Momme.» He died on April 17, 1991.
1919 — Boris Balter — writer — was born. He died on June 8, 1974.
1937 — Vladimir Ashkenazy — musician, pianist, conductor — was born.
2000 — (3rd of Tammuz, 5760) Eighty-eight year old Władysław «Wladek» Szpilman a pianist and classical composer, who is widely known as the protagonist of the 2002 Roman Polanski film The Pianist, which is based on the book «The Pianist» recounting his survival of the German occupation of Warsaw and the Holocaust passed away today
2004 — (17th of Tammuz, 5764) Captain M. Vardi of the Israel Defense Forces died while attempting to capture two terrorists in Shechem (Nablus), providing aid to a wounded comrade.