History events
1453 — (27th of Tammuz, 5213) Forty-one Jews were burned at the stake in Breslau, Germany. The remainder of the Jewish population was expelled
1739 (9 Tammuz 5499) — The second decree that year ordering the expulsion of Jews from the Duchy of Courland. All of them, without exception, were required to leave the duchy by St. John’s Day — that is, by March 8, 1740 — after paying their taxes. Landowners who harboured Jews faced a substantial monetary fine
1845 — (29th of Sivan, 5605) The Egyptian Revival Hobart Synagogue was consecrated in Hobart a city on the Australian island state of Tasmania
1892 (9 Tammuz 5652) — The trial of butcher Buschhoff from the town of Hanten, Prussia, began. He was accused of murdering the son of his cabinetmaker neighbour on June 26, 1891, in a ritual killing. The trial lasted 10 days and ended with the defendant’s acquittal. The real killer was never found. The blood libel against the Jews of Hanten contributed to their exodus from the town. Buschhoff himself also left. By 1905, only 30 Jews remained in Hanten out of a total population of 3 770.
1900 (7 Tammuz 5660) — The Zionist Conference opened in Yekaterinoslav (Dnipropetrovsk), attended by 55 delegates from the Yekaterinoslav and Taurida Governorates. A decision was made to expand the promotion of the ideas of state Zionism.
1918 (24 Tammuz 5678) — A regiment of Jewish volunteers, which had just paraded through the streets of Tel Aviv under its newly presented white‑and‑blue banner, was sent by train to the south, to a training camp in Egypt. There, it was joined by 150 volunteers from recently liberated Galilee, the same number of Jews from Alexandria, 100 prisoners of war from the Turkish army, and American Zionists.
1920 (18 Tammuz 5680) — The Third Conference of Jewish Communist Sections opened in a solemn atmosphere at the House of Trade Unions in Moscow. The conference was attended by 64 delegates with a decisive vote and 20 delegates with a consultative vote, who considered themselves representatives of 1 743 members of the Evsektsiya (Jewish sections of the Communist Party)
1931 — (19th of Tammuz, 5691) According to a report by the Labor Department of the Jewish Agency made public today by the American Palestine Campaign, “few countries in the world afford women such equality of opportunity as is enjoyed by Jewish women in Palestine.” Out of work force of 23,830 most of which is located in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa and Petach Tikvah 18,067 are men and 5,754 are women
1937 (25 Tammuz 5697) — In the Yishuv, the moshav Moledet was founded using the “Wall and Tower” method.
1939 — (17th of Tammuz, 5699) The Nazi regime passed ….. the tenth supplementary decree to the Reich Citizenship Law and established a new central Jewish organization, the Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland directly subordinated to the Reich minister of the interior which had as it is purpose “the promotion of Jewish emigration” and which reinforced the decision that converts, called “Christian non-Aryans” were to be treated as Jews
1941 — (9th of Tammuz, 5701) Holocaust. ….. In Liepāja, the roundup of Jews by SS-Obersturmbannführer Reichert’s EK 1a men begun last night came to an end this morning hundreds being slaughtered in Rainis Park; The Nazis murdered scientists and writers in the captured city of Lvov; Lithuanian militiamen murdered 416 Jewish men, 47 Jewish women in Kovno at the Seventh Fort; Two thousand Jews from Lutsk, Ukraine, are transported to the Lubard Fortress and killed; Fifty-four Jews are killed at Vilna, Lithuania; Between July 4 and July 11 five thousand Jews are killed in Ternopol
1941 (9 Tammuz 5701) — Shoah. Killings of Jews continued in Lviv and Ternopil. In Krasnoarmiysk (Rivne Region), 27 Jews were murdered; in Zbarazh and Zboriv (Ternopil Region), 25 and 830 Jews, respectively, were killed. During a pogrom in Peremyshliany (Lviv Region), an unspecified number of Jews were burned alive in a synagogue. In Storozhynets (Chernivtsi Region), 315 Jews were killed; in the village of Chudei (Chernivtsi Region), 450 Jews were murdered. On the same day, a pogrom took place in Bolekhiv (Ivano‑Frankivsk Region)
1941 (9 Tammuz 5701) — Shoah. After several German officers arrived in the Polish town of Gońdz from nearby Osowiec, all Jews were gathered in the market square. The town council pointed out 30 Jews accused of being “Bolsheviks” and of collaborating with the Red Army. After being brutally beaten, they were locked in the basement of a shop and then taken to the Jewish cemetery, where they were killed. They were first beaten with metal rods and, half‑alive, thrown into a dug pit. The rest of the Jewish men were divided into “work brigades” and locked in a barn: they were to become labour for local farmers.
1941 (9 Tammuz 5701) — Shoah. The main synagogue in Riga was burned down, with everyone inside
1946 — (5th of Tammuz, 5706) A Pogrom took place in Kielce, Poland. Мob attacked a house in Kielce in Poland where almost all of the town’s surviving Jews were living (200 of the original 25,000). Forty-two Jews were brutally murdered, another 50 injured. This was followed by a chaotic mass exodus of around 150,000 Jews from across Poland to DP camps in Germany
1950 (19 Tammuz 5710) — Israel. The ration of chicken eggs under food cards was increased to three eggs per week for adults.
1950 (19 Tammuz 5710) — Israel. The government decided to engage new repatriates under 40 years of age in labour. If they had no job in their profession, they were to be assigned to physical work — road construction, forest planting. Those who refused were left without food rations
1951 — (30th of Sivan, 5711) The Jerusalem Post reported that ….. an accidental blast in a quarry of Even V’Sid Company on Castel Hill killed eight workers and injured six others. The holiday-with-pay principle was legally established in Israel following the final reading of the Annual Leave Bill in the Knesset. Employees were entitled to a minimum of 14 days’ paid vacation as of October 1, 1951. The employee must have worked 200 days out of year’s contract or must have worked 240 single days for the same employer in any one 12-month period to be entitled to such paid leave
1961 (20 Tammuz 5721) — As a result of a police operation, a gang of safe‑crackers robbing safes at industrial enterprises in Tel Aviv was neutralised.
1967 (26 Sivan 5727) — The UN Security Council adopted a resolution declaring the annexation of Jerusalem illegal — with only “yes” votes and no “no” votes.
1975 — (25th of Tammuz, 5735) In Jerusalem’s Zion Square, members of the PLO detonate a bomb hidden in a refrigerator which killed fourteen and wounded seventy. Victims included Arabs as well as Jews
1976 — (6th of Tammuz, 5736) The Jerusalem Post reported that the giant American Bicentennial National Park in the Jerusalem hills was officially opened to the public
1976 — (6th of Tammuz, 5736) The Entebbe Rescue. ….. Over 100 Jewish and Israeli hostages from an Air France plane being held prisoner by Palestinian terrorists and Ugandan soldiers who were threatening to murder them if their demands were not met were rescued by Israeli commandos in a brilliant ruse under the command of Yonatan Netanyahu who was shot in the back during the rescue. Netanyahu was the one of four Israeli soldier killed in the rescue mission. Tragically, 19 year old Jean-Jacues Maimoni, 52 year old Pasco Cohen and 56 year old Ida Borochovitch were killed in the cross fire . Seventy-five year old Dora Bloch, who was undergoing treatment at Mulago Hospital, was murdered by the Ugandans as revenge for the raid
2002 (24 Tammuz 5762) — USA. A terrorist attack at Los Angeles International Airport. An Arab from Egypt opened fire on people near the counter of the Israeli airline El Al. Victoria Hen, an El Al employee, and passenger Yaakov Aminov were killed; four people were wounded. The terrorist was shot dead.
2017 (10 Tammuz 5777) — In Jerusalem, on the grounds of the Biblical Zoo, Israel’s largest aquarium, the Gottesman Aquarium, opened. It covers about 20 dunams and consists of 33 tanks.
2021 (24 Tammuz 5781) — A major fire broke out in the settlement of Migdalim. The settlement of Migdalim was founded in 1984 and is located in the eastern part of Samaria.
People
1349 — (17th of Tammuz, 5109) Judah ben Asher, Talmudist, died
1632 — (25th of Tammuz, 5392) Isabella Nuñez Alvarez burned in auto da fé at Madrid
1641 (7 Av 5401) — Pedro Teixeira, a Portuguese Marrano who was the first European to travel the full length of the Amazon River, died.
1873 — Frances Stern, a renowned nutritionist in the USA, was born. She died in 1947.
1903 — (9th of Tammuz, 5663) Dorothy Levitt (born Dorothy Levi) ….. won her class at the Southport Speed Trials driving a S.F.Edge’s 12 hp Gladiator, shocking British society as she was the first woman, a working secretary, to compete in a motor race. She became noted for racing in a dust coat (a loose coverall coat reaching down to the ankles), matching hat and veil
1923 (20 Tammuz 5683) — Peretz Goldstein was born in Romania — one of 32 paratroopers from Palestine who served in the British Army and were dropped into Nazi‑occupied European countries. They operated on behalf of British intelligence and the Jewish Agency. He was parachuted into Yugoslavia on April 13, 1944. He died on March 1, 1945, in the Oranienburg concentration camp
1934 — (21st of Tammuz, 5694) Zionist poet Chaim Nachman Bialik passed away
1939 — Adolf Shapiro, a theatre director and playwright, was born.
2023 (15 Tammuz 5783) — During an anti‑terrorist operation in Jenin, Sergeant David Yehuda Yitzhak, aged 23, was killed.
2025 (8 Tammuz 5785) — Gaza War. Day 637. Sergeant Asaf Zamir, aged 19, and Sergeant Yair Eliyahu, aged 19, were killed.