History events
70 — (23nd of Tammuz, 3830) During the Siege of Jerusalem, Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots
802 (17 Av 4562) — In Aachen, the capital of the Carolingian Empire, a Jew named Isaac delivered an elephant — a gift from the ruler of Baghdad, Harun al‑Rashid, to Emperor Charlemagne
1263 — (12th of Av, 5023) Religious disputation at Barcelona, Naḥmanides defending Judaism
1600 (19 Av 5360) — The first Jews appeared in the overseas French territory of Guiana. More than 150 Sephardic Jews arrived in Cayenne from Italy.
1808 (25 Tammuz 5568) — Napoleon issued a decree requiring Jews to adopt surnames. A similar decree had been issued in Austria on July 23, 1785.
1881 (23 Tammuz 5641) — Pogrom in Nezhin. It lasted three days.
1883 (15 Tammuz 5643) — Pogrom in Yekaterinoslav (Dnipro).
1905 (17 Tammuz 5665) — Pogrom in Yekaterinoslav.
1919 (22 Tammuz 5679) — An order from Petliura obliging military commanders to combat pogrom propaganda
1934 — (8th of Av, 5694) The Court of Appeal today quashed the death sentence passed by the District Court on Abraham Stavsky on June 8 for the murder of Dr. Chaim Arlosoroff, prominent labor leader and member of the Jewish Agency Executive of Palestine. The Appeal Court found that the evidence was insufficient
1941 (25 Tammuz 5701) — Shoah. Pogrom in Burshtyn (Ternopil Oblast). The evacuation of Jews from the camp in Novoselytsia (Chernivtsi Oblast) to the east began.
1941 (25 Tammuz 5701) — Shoah. A ghetto was established in Kamianets‑Podilskyi (Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine). By the end of July, 11 000 Jews from Czechoslovakia and Poland, deported from Hungary, were transported to the ghetto. Residents of neighbouring Jewish towns were also imprisoned there. During the first month of occupation, a contrubution was imposed on the Jewish community: the Jews of Kamianets‑Podilskyi were forced to hand over 110 000 rubles and eight kilograms of gold to the occupying authorities. By the end of July 1941, about 30 000 Jews were concentrated in the Kamianets‑Podilskyi Ghetto.
1945 (10 Av 5705) — The second general assembly of PALMACH: 4 battalions and a reserve unit of 500 people each. The assembly took place at the foot of Mount Gilboa, with around 2 000 fighters participating
1949 — (23nd of Tammuz, 5709) Israel’s 19 month War of Independence ended. The government of Syria signed the last of four armistices, which marked the end of open warfare. The cessation of hostilities did not bring peace since the Arab states refused to come to grips with the reality of the existence of Israel
1950 — (6th of Av, 5710) In Israel, doctors employed by the Health Ministry will go on strike today unless their demands for increased pay are met
1969 — (5 Av 5729) — War of Attrition. At night, a combined assault unit raided Green Island, an Egyptian island located in the northern part of the Suez Gulf. The island hosted a radar station and an anti‑aircraft battery; the garrison consisted of 80 Egyptian soldiers. During the raid, the garrison was destroyed, and the radar station and anti‑aircraft guns were blown up. After the operation, the troops were evacuated from the island by torpedo boats and helicopters. IDF losses amounted to 6 killed and 11 wounded. The capture of Green Island is considered the boldest operation of the Israeli Army during the War of Attrition
1980 — (7th of Av, 5740) The United Nations Security Council votes 14-0 that member states should not recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. ….. This is another reason that Israel tends not to trust the UN. In 1947, as part of the partition vote, the UN said Jerusalem would be governed by an international body. When the Jordanians attacked Jerusalem and expelled the Jewish population from the Old City, the UN did nothing. During the 19 year occupation of the city by the Jordanians Jews, of whatever nationality, were kept out of the city. The UN did nothing. But now that the Israelis controlled the whole city and it was open to Christians, Moslems and Jews, the UN acted to support the Arab view of the City of David
1993 (2 Av 5753) — Rocket attacks on the northern Israeli city of Kiryat Shmona began and lasted several days.
2006 (24 Tammuz 5766) — Aliyah. An El Al aircraft brought 222 new repatriates from North America to Israel
2015 — (4th of Av, 5775) Archaeologist announced today that “thanks to a high tech solution, a charred parchment scroll discovered by the shores of the Dead Sea bearing verses from the Book of Leviticus” has been deciphered for the first time
2024 (14 Tammuz 5784) — In the afternoon, an air raid by the Israeli Air Force targeted oil depots, power stations, and other military installations of the Houthis in the port city of Hudaydah, Yemen. The attack was carried out by a formation of fighter aircraft and reconnaissance planes, accompanied by a tanker aircraft. This air strike marked Israel’s first attack on Yemen, located 1 800 kilometres from the country’s borders.
2025 (24 Tammuz 5785) — The 66th International Mathematical Olympiad, held in Australia, concluded. A total of 635 students from 114 countries participated. The Israeli team, winning six medals (four gold, one silver, and one bronze), ranked sixth in the overall standings
People
1633 — (23th of Av, 5393) Rabbi Nathan Shaprio, a leading Kabblist from Cracow and author of Megale Amukot passed away
1706 — (20th of Av, 5466) Shabbethai ben Joseph Bass who had founded printing business in Dyhernfurth, a small town near Breslau which produced its first book, a work by Rabbi Samuel ben Uri of Waydyslav in 1689, was forced to leave Breslau as a result of local hostility to Jews
1859 — (18nd of Tammuz, 5619) Birthdate of German botanist and Zionist leader Otto Warburg
1886 — M. Lozinsky, a poet and translator, was born. He died on February 1, 1955.
1897 — Tadeus Reichstein, a Swiss chemist and Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine (1950), was born. He died on August 1, 1996.
1924 — Tatyana Lioznova, a film director, was born. She died in 2001.
1932 — A. Ya. Roizman, a Belarusian chess player and international arbiter, was born. He died on August 13, 2015.
1933 (26 Tammuz 5693) — Radio journalist A. S. Levenbuk was born. He died on December 22, 2023.
2014 — (22nd of Tammuz, 5714) Thirteen members of the Golani Brigade were killed today as they fought the terrorirsts in Gaza including Captain Tzafrir Bar-Or, a commander in the Golani Brigade, 32, of Holon; Major Zvi Kaplan, a commander in the Golani Brigade, 28, from Kedumim; Gilad Yaakobi, 21, of Kiryat Ono; Sergeant Oz Mendelovich, 21, from Avtalion; Nissim Shon Carmeli, 21, of Ra’anana
2015 — (4th of Av, 5775) Ninety-four year old Pennsylvania born pilot Lou Lenart whose colorful career included “saving Tel Aviv” on May 29, 1948 when he and three other fliers conducted “a forty minute strafing and bombing raid on a column of Egyptian tanks, trucks and troops” that would have been in the Jewish metropolis the following day were it not for this act of daring-do