History events
70 — (19th of Tammuz, 3830) The Jewish War. To facilitate the defense of the Temple, the Jews set fire to part of its northwestern gallery, which was connected to the Antonia Fortress.
1306 — (7th of Av, 5066) Expulsion of the Jews from France. They were given one month to leave. Most Jews moved to the provinces of southern France not under the king’s control.
1367 — (22nd of Av, 5127) (Until August 9, 13th of Elul) Pogroms against «New Christians» in Toledo. At least 1,600 houses were burned and a large number of Marranos perished.
1467 — (17th of Av, 5227) The pogrom against New Christians in the Magdalena quarter of Toledo escalated into clashes that spread to several areas of Toledo; after being defeated, many Marranos took refuge in Jewish homes. Several leaders of the New Christians were arrested and executed.
1510 — (12th of Av, 5270) In Brandenburg, thirty-eight Jews were burned at the stake on charges of host desecration. Another two accepted Christianity and were mercifully beheaded. Soon after, all Jews were expelled from Brandenburg. The charges against the Jews were dropped 9 years later, and all Jews were allowed to return
1877 — (9th of Av, 5637) A law was enacted putting the Judicial Statutes into effect in nine western provinces of Russia: the number of Jews placed on jury lists was to correspond to the percentage of Jews in the total population of the district.
1937 — (11th of Av, 5697) Shoah. The «Degenerate Art» exhibition opened in Munich. To create its display, 650 paintings and sculptures by Jewish artists were confiscated from various German museums.
1938 — (20th of Tammuz, 5698) Members of the Gordonia youth movement founded Ma’ale Hahamisha (lit. Ascent of the Five) — a kibbutz in central Israel in the Judean Hills which one of “the 57 tower and stockade settlements” built during the Arab Revolt
1941 — (24th of Tammuz, 5701) Shoah. 100 Jews were shot in Zhytomyr, 74 Jews in Baranivka (Zhytomyr region), and 21 Jews in Horodnytsia (Zhytomyr region).
1942 — (5th of Av, 5702) Shoah. The last Jewish educational institutions in Germany were liquidated
1947 — (2th of Av, 5707) The Runnymede Park, Ocean Vigour and Empire Rival, three deportation ships under British control, which were filled with Jewish refugees from the SS Exodus, set sail from Haifa bound for Port-de-Bouc, France
1948 — (12th of Tammuz, 5708) War of Independence. ….. After ten days of fighting, the road from Haifa to Nazareth was firmly in Israeli hands; In Jerusalem, Israeli forces drive off an Arab attack designed to penetrate the new, modern, Jewish section, of the city; The “Second Truce” goes into effect. The state of Israel had survived for two months despite two rounds of fighting with invading Arab Armies. The Jewish state was still not one contiguous unit. Egyptian forces were still in the Negev. The Jerusalem corridor was a slender strip of land and some northern settlements were cut-off from the rest of the country by Arab forces. Despite the truce, there would still be more fighting before the armistice documents would be signed in 1949. Still and all, the Jewish nation, even a precarious state, was a reality
1950 — (5th of Av, 5710) Today “was the date on which a new Jewish community in Germany was officially constituted” when “25 leading representatives of the reestablished Jewish communities met in Frank am Main to fond an umbrella group that would represent all Jews living in Germany” which “they decided to call the Central Council of Jews in Germany”
1955 — (29th of Tammuz, 5715) The Yarkon water project was opened. The Yarkon River flows near Tel Aviv
1966 — (2nd of Av, 5726) Terrorist attack. Arabs infiltrated the moshav of Margaliot on the northern border and planted nine explosive devices
1969 — (4th of Av, 5729) Israeli commandos begin a night attack on Green Island, a major military installation in the Gulf of Suez
1976 — (21th of Tammuz, 5736) The Jerusalem Post reported that the Israeli pound was again devalued by 2 percent, to IL 8.12 to the dollar. The Histadrut Executive decided to increase the membership dues and allowed Kupat Holim to charge its members for doctors’ prescriptions
1984 — (19 Tammuz 5744) The settlement of Beit Hagai was established in the Hebron Highlands
2012 — (29th of Tammuz, 5772) Israel sets a record for electricity consumption – 11,920 MW. The reason – a terrible heatwave.
2018 — (7th of Av, 5778) The Knesset passed the Basic Law on the National Character of the State of Israel, which declares Israel’s status as the nation-state of the Jewish people.
2024 — (13th of Tammuz, 5784) One person was killed and 10 were injured when a drone launched from Yemen exploded at the intersection of Ben Yehuda and Sholem Aleichem streets in Tel Aviv
People
1340 — (23rd of Tammuz, 5100) Rabbi Yaakov ben Asher passed away.
1385 — (10th of Av, 5145) Rabbi Menachem ben Aaron ibn Zerah, author of Zeidah la-Derekh passed away
1808 — (24th of Tammuz, 5568) Rabbi Shimshon Raphael Hirsch was born in Frankfurt am Main. He played an important role in opposing assimilationist tendencies among German Jews, striving to bring them back into the fold of Judaism. He died in 1888.
1847 — (New Style) (6th of Av, 5607) Mikhail Ignatievich Kulisher was born – a lawyer, historian, ethnographer, jurist, and public figure. He died in 1919.
1880 — (11th of Av, 5640) The Sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe, Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, was born. He died on January 28, 1950.
1885 — Aristides de Sousa Mendes was born – Righteous Among the Nations, Portuguese Consul General in Bordeaux (France) in 1940. Ignoring his government’s prohibition, over three weeks he issued about 3,000 entry visas to all who requested them, saving more than 10,000 Jewish refugees from all the occupied countries of Europe who had gathered in southern France. He died on April 3, 1954.
1897 — Theresa Wolfson was born in Brooklyn – an American writer and economist, author of many works on labor law theory. She died on May 14, 1972.
1898 — Herbert Marcuse was born – philosopher and sociologist. He died on July 29, 1979.
1901 — Anna Rosenberg was born – diplomat, political and public figure in the USA. On October 29, 1945, she became the first woman to receive the Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award of the United States. She died on May 9, 1983.
1921 — Rosalyn Sussman Yalow was born – American biophysicist. She received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1977. She died on May 30, 2011.
1934 — A. Shirvindt was born – actor, director. He died on March 15, 2024.
1936 — Naum Stelmach was born – a famous Israeli footballer and coach, played for Hapoel Petah Tikva. He died on March 27, 1999.
1969 — Miss Israel, Chava Levy, took 4th place in the «Miss World» competition in Miami.
1982 — (28th of Tammuz, 5742) Seventy-three year old David Frankfurter who created an international sensation when he assassinated the Swiss branch leader of the German NSDAP Wilhelm Gustloff in 1936 in Davos, Switzerland passed away today
1994 — (11th of Ave, 5754) Lt. Guy Ovadia, 23, of Kibbutz Yotvata, was fatally wounded in an ambush near Rafiah. HAMAS took responsibility for the attack, saying it was «a response to the massacre at the Erez checkpoint
2014 — (21st Tammuz, 5774) Col. Amotz Greenberg, 45, of Hod Hasharon, and Sgt. Adar Bersano, 20, of Nahariya, were killed this morning (Shabbat) after a terrorist squad infiltrated from Gaza into Israel through a tunnel