History events
1242 — (17 Tammuz 5002) In Paris, 24 cartloads of priceless Jewish manuscripts and books were publicly burned
1287 — (4th of Av, 5047) Forty Jews — men, women and children — were killed by a mob in Oberwesel (Germany) after a ritual murder accusation. The rioting spread down the Rhineland
1549 — (21th of Tammuz, 5309) All Jews and Marranos were expelled from Ghent, Belgium
1555 — (28th of Tammuz, 5315) Paul IV issued one of the most famous papal bulls in Church history. The bull, Cum Nimis Absurdum (the title stemmed from its opening phrase, «Since it is absurd») ordered the creation of a Jewish ghetto in Rome
1793 — (8th of Av, 5553) Second of the three partitions of Poland takes place as Russia, Prussia and Austria divide this once proud kingdom home to one of Europe’s largest Jewish communities. As a result of the partitions, Russia, which had worked to remain Jew-free, would find itself home to millions of Jews
1881 — (20th of Tammuz, 5641) Anti-Semitic riots at Neustettin, lasting two days
1895 — (25 Sivan 5655) Herzl completed his work on «The Jewish State.» In it, he concisely presented the idea and plan for solving the Jewish question. Herzl believed that «as soon as we begin to implement our program, anti-Semitism will cease everywhere, for it is our peace treaty with all peoples»
1919 (19 Tammuz 5679) — S. Petliura received a delegation of Jews from Kamianets‑Podilskyi, who assured him that the Jewish population would support the Directorate if it firmly suppressed pogroms. On July 20, Petliura issued an order obliging military commanders to combat pogrom propaganda in their deployment areas. The order stated: “The Jews have joined us in the struggle against the enemy and in building the Ukrainian Independent Republic. Therefore, any violence will only harm us, sow discord in our ranks, and ruin our entire cause.” A similar proclamation was signed by Petliura on August 26, 1919.
1919 — (19 Sivan 5679) Civil War. Pogrom in the town of Dubovo, pogrom in Murafa, pogrom in Tulchin
1927 — (17th of Tammuz, 5687) A slight earthquake shock was felt in Jerusalem at 10:04 this morning” and three people who were injured were taken to the hospital
1938 (18 Tammuz 5698) — The kibbutz Ma’ale Ha‑Hammisha was founded using the “Wall and Tower” method.
1941 — (22nd of Tammuz, 5701) Нolocaust. Twelve hundred Jews are murdered at Slonim, Belorussia; This marks the first day of the a fourteen day slaughter of the Jews at Kishinev in the Soviet Union; During those 14 days over 10,000 Jews would be slaughtered by the Nazis and their local collaborators
1941 (22 Tammuz 5701) — Shoah. 153 Jews from the villages of Shyshkovtsi, Yuzhynets, Stavchany, and Matylyntsi (Chernivtsi Oblast) were shot. In Brailov, about 15 Jews were killed (Vinnytsia Oblast), and in the village of Matkiv (Borynia District, Lviv Oblast), 87 Jews were murdered. It appears that on the same day, the security police shot more than 200 Jews from among the intelligentsia in Kremenets and 40 in Vyshnivets (Ternopil Oblast)
1946 — (18 Sivan 5706) As part of the struggle against Great Britain, the PALMACH attacked 11 bridges on the roads leading to Eretz-Israel, 10 of which were destroyed
1948 — (10th of Tammuz, 5708) War of Independence. ….. A two-pronged attack by Israeli forces designed to drive Arab Legion forces from the eastern section of Jerusalem failed. The Old City would remain under Jordanian occupation until 1967. During this time, Jews were barred from the Old City and no Arabs demanded that the Old City be made the capital of a Palestinian state; On the second day of Operation Death to the Invader, an Israeli military operation designed to connect settlements in the Negev with the rest of Israel, a series of Israeli assaults failed in their attempt to take their objectives; During Operation Dekel, Israeli forces took the villages of Hittin and Nimrin
1948 (10 Tammuz 5708) — The Palestine pound was renamed the lira, becoming the first currency of Israel.
1948 (10 Tammuz 5708) — War of Independence:
The 89th Battalion captured the village of Karatiya.
The last attempt — again unsuccessful — to capture the Old City of Jerusalem.
A two‑day failed operation to break the blockade of the Negev.
A two‑day operation to clear a number of Arab villages of Iraqi military personnel and British deserters who had blocked the old road to Haifa and Zikhron Ya’akov. Several Arab villages were captured, and the road was reopened
1948 — (10 Sivan 5708) Three American B-17 bombers for the Israeli Air Force arrived in Czechoslovakia at the Žatec airfield. For the first 3 weeks, no one paid attention to them because they didn’t know how to use them. Only after a volunteer from the USA, R. Kurtz, who had commanded a B-17 squadron during the war, took charge, were the planes crewed and ready for action. The first real bombing of Egyptian territory by the Israeli Air Force took place on July 15th
1949 (20 Tammuz 5709) — In Tel Aviv, a solemn ceremony was held during which the title “Hero of Israel” was awarded for the first and only time for acts of heroism during the War of Independence. A total of 12 people received the award (including 5 posthumously): Avraham Avigdorov, Yohai Bin‑Nun (Fishman), Emil Brig, Siman‑Tov Gana, Zrubavel Horowitz, Zvi Zivel, Emanuel Landau, Ben‑Zion Leitner, Aryeh Atsmoni, Izhar Armoni, Ron Peled, and Yair Racheli
1954 — (16 Sivan 5714) The first batch of Israeli Nesher beer, consisting of 100,000 cases, was sent to the USA for export (according to other sources, this event took place on July 17th)
1956 (9 Av 5716) — A treaty between the USSR and Israel on oil supplies was signed in Moscow
1959 (11 Tammuz 5719) — A treaty with an international group of investors on the construction of the Haifa–Eilat pipeline was signed.
1979 (22 Tammuz 5739) — The Israeli Government convened to discuss the country’s economic problems and consider changes that were expected to significantly raise prices for various goods. The day before, knowing about this intention, the public rushed to shops, buying up everything in sight and filling car tanks with gasoline. However, the government did not make any drastic decisions, and everything remained as before. The night of July 17 went down in Israeli history as “Duck Night”, by analogy with a newspaper “duck” — that is, unconfirmed rumours.
1981 — (15 Tammuz 5741) The first family settled in the new community of Nili. It is located in the western part of Samaria, 2 km from Naale, 3 km from Modiin Illit, 10 km from Shoham, 27 km from Tel Aviv, and 25 km from Jerusalem. It is named in honor of the Nili organization (an acronym from a quote in the First Book of Samuel 15:29: «The Eternity of Israel will not deceive»). By November of the same year, the community already had 23 families
1990 (24 Tammuz 5750) — During military exercises, due to an error by an officer on duty, soldiers of the Israel Defense Forces came under friendly artillery fire. Five reserve soldiers were killed and 17 were wounded
2002 — (8th of Av, 5672) An 11-month old baby, her father and grandmother were among the seven people killed when Palestinians in Israeli Army uniforms set off a roadside bomb near a bus approaching a Jewish settlement, then hurled grenades and raked the vehicle with gunfire” wounding an additional 17 people
2003 — (17 Sivan 5763) Terrorist attack. A car with Israeli license plates was fired upon near Kalkilya, close to the Eyal junction. Two children, ages 5 and 7, were wounded; subsequently, 7-year-old Noam Leibovich died.
2005 (10 Tammuz 5765) — In Nahariya, in the northern part of the Galei Galil Beach, a beach for religious residents was opened. It had a separate entrance, welcoming women on Sundays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays, and men on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.
2006 (21 Tammuz 5766) — A soldier was killed during an operation to apprehend wanted terrorists in Shechem (Samaria). Five more Israel Defense Forces servicemen were wounded: one in serious condition, two with moderate injuries, and two with light wounds. This happened after a militant threw an explosive device at them. Immediately after the blast, dozens of local residents surrounded the body of the fallen soldier and began to express their joy loudly. This scene was filmed by cameramen from several Arab TV channels
2007 — (1 Tammuz 5767) For the first time since the Second Lebanon War, Kiryat Shmona was shelled from Lebanon with four rockets. There were no casualties, but there was damage.
2007 — (1 Tammuz 5767) A Memorial Day for the fallen of the Second Lebanon War was announced. It was set for the 16th day of the month of Tammuz. It was decided to observe this Memorial Day similarly to other commemorative dates related to previous wars.
2007 (2 Av 5767) — The Knesset passed a law mandating compulsory schooling through the twelfth grade.
2008 — (14th of Tammuz, 5768) The military funerals for Eldad Regev and Ehud Goldwasser the two Israeli soldiers abducted in 2006 by Hezbollah, whose bodies were returned yesterday as part of a prisoner swap take place today in their respective hometowns
2016 — (11 Sivan 5776) In Holon, at the «Toto-Holon» sports palace, the 32nd European Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships began.
2017 (23 Tammuz 5777) — The Knesset adopted the Fair Rent Law, aimed at regulating relations between landlords and tenants by clearly defining the rights and obligations of each party. The law also introduced minimum requirements that rental housing must meet.
2025 — (21 Sivan 5785) Operation «The People Rises Like a Lion.» Day Five. During the day, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) attacked 12 launchers hidden underground in the Tehran area. Rocket attacks from Iran. Alarm sirens sounded throughout Israel. The «Bazan» refinery in Haifa ceased operations due to damage caused by rockets from Iran.
People
1594 — (9 Tammuz 5354) Accused of conspiring against the English queen to poison her, the marrano Rodrigo Lopes, the queen’s personal physician, was executed.
1829 — (16 Sivan 5589) Meyer Kayserling was born — a rabbi and historian of the Jewish people. The main subject of his scientific research was the history of the Jews of the Iberian Peninsula. He died on April 21, 1905.
1831 (7 Av 5591) — Victor Meyer Amédée Mannheim, a French mathematician and engineer who improved the logarithmic rule — considered a kind of “analog computer” — was born. He died on December 11, 1906.
1883 — Max Fleischer, an American animation director and one of the pioneers of animation, was born. He died on September 11, 1972
1887 — Beatrice Fox Auerbach, owner of the largest department store in Hartford, Connecticut — a dominant retail store in southern New England for much of the 20th century — was born. She was among the first employers to introduce paid leave and sick leave, and one of the first to appoint Black people to senior positions. She died on November 29, 1968.
1888 (9 Av 5648) — Shmuel Yosef Agnon, a writer, was born. He died on February 17, 1970
1888 — (8 Tammuz 5648) Arnold Fine Yaakov Trachtenberg was born — a mathematician. He died in 1953.
1903 — The poet M. Svetlov was born. He died on September 28, 1964.
1903 — Hiram Bingham, an American diplomat who, as consul in Marseille in 1940–1941, saved 2 500 Jews and anti‑Fascists by issuing US visas and facilitating their passage to Spain, was born. Among others, he sheltered Marc Chagall and Lion Feuchtwanger in his home until they could move to America. For some reason, Hiram Bingham is not recognised as a Righteous Among the Nations. He died in 1988.
1906 (24 Tammuz 5666) — Yitzhak ben Aharon, an Israeli statesman and public figure, one of the founders of the state, was born. He died on May 19, 2006.
1908 — (18 Sivan 5668) T. Weiss-Rosmarin was born — an American writer and public figure. She died in 1989.
1938 (18 Tammuz 5698) — A terrorist attack. Haganah member P. Fechter was killed while guarding a field at Kibbutz Ramat ha‑Kovesh. He was ambushed near a vineyard.
1981 — (15 Sivan 5741) Yitzhak Zuckerman, one of the heroes of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, died
2009 — (25th of Tammuz, 5769) General Meir Amit passed away at the age of 88. A soldier during the War for Independence, Amit was commander of the famed Golani Brigade, a graduate of Columbia and a major general in the IDF. His greatest claim to fame was his service as head of Mossad during which he managed the activities of Eli Cohen and provided the intelligence estimates that were helpful in during the Six Day War
2025 — (21 Sivan 5785) War in Gaza. Day six hundred and twentieth. Staff Sergeant Stav Halfon, 20 years old, was killed