History events
-348 BCE — (1 Av 3413) Ezra and his companions (see March 16, 348 BCE) reached Jerusalem. Ezra was shocked by what he saw: many Jews of Judea had completely abandoned observance of the Torah’s commandments and had even taken wives from the surrounding peoples. Such «mixed marriages» existed even in the family of the High Priest, i.e., among Ezra’s own close relatives
1290 — (3th of Av, 5050) The Jews were expelled from England by order of King Edward I. The date for the actual order of expulsion is given by some as July 12 and by others as July 18.
1759 — (17 Tammuz 5519) (or July 17) A dispute began in Lviv between the followers of Jacob Frank and prominent rabbis of the Jewish community (lasting until September 12). The Frankists asserted that the Talmud permits Jews to shed Christian blood and that to truly understand God, one should convert to Catholicism. Thanks to the skillful defense by the Lviv rabbi Chaim Kohen Rappoport (1700–1771), he managed to prove the baselessness of the blood libel; however, on other issues, the Frankists were declared winners by the Catholic judges of the dispute
1859 — (10th of Tammuz, 5619) Today the cornerstone of the first Ashkenazic synagogue in British North America, Congregation Shaar Hashomayim, was laid at 41 St. Constant (now de Bullion Street), just below de la Gauchetière. It accommodated 150 men and 50 women. The building was 48 by 111 feet. The services were modeled after the Bayswater Synagogue in London, England.
1939 — (25 Tammuz 5699) The kibbutz Negba was established using the «Tower and Stockade» method.
1941 — (17 Tammuz 5701) Shoah. The murder of Jews continued in Khotyn. In Drohobych, the security police shot 23 Jews, and in Brody (Lviv region), local police killed about 250 Jews, mostly intellectuals. In Lviv, Jewish men living on St. Anne Street were shot on a fabricated pretext. In the village of Ostapie (Skalat district), 8 Jews were killed.
1942 — (27 Tammuz 5702) Shoah. In Sevastopol (Crimea), Sonderkommando 11a shot and killed over 1,200 Jews using a gas van. On the same day, near the village of Ingulets (Shyroke district, Dnipropetrovsk region), about 1,400 Jews were shot
1948 — (5th of Tammuz, 5708) During the War of Independence, ….. Israeli forces took Ramle; Israeli forces defeated Iraqi troops at Rosh Ha-Ayin. This village controlled the headwaters of the Yarkon River, the source of much of Jerusalem’s water supply. Continued control of the Yarkon would have left Jerusalem at the mercy of the Arabs; As part of Operation Danny, the Palmach began an attack on the village of Suba; As they renewed their drive on Tel Aviv, Egyptian forces attacked the settlement of Negba in the northern Negev. The Egyptians opened the attack with air attacks and artillery barrages. The battle lasted for over seven hours with at least four thousand shells falling on Negba. In the end, the 150 defenders hung on and the Egyptians withdrew
1950 — (27 Tammuz 5710) Israel. The Knesset passed a law regulating the activities of Magen David Adom — Israel’s emergency medical service.
1951 — (8th of Tammuz, 5711) The Jerusalem Post reported that seven marauders were killed and several others wounded in an engagement with an Israeli patrol on Jordanian border. Tel Aviv set up ice rationing to a fourth of a block per consumer daily. It was hoped that this ration would be increased to the third of a block on weekends.
1953 — (29th of Tammuz, 5713) The Foreign Ministry of Israel transferred its offices from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem
1982 — (21 Tammuz 5742) The Nahal outpost was established on the site of the future settlement of Ma’on
1988 — (27 Tammuz 5748) The outpost founded in 1982, called Neta, became the civilian settlement of Shima
1989 — (9 Tammuz 5749) Terrorist attack. An Arab threw a grenade at worshippers praying at the Western Wall. 31 people were wounded (or July 13).
2000 — (9 Tammuz 5760) Negotiations began at Camp David between Israel (E. Barak) and the Palestinian Authority (Arafat) on concluding a final agreement.
2005 — (5 Tammuz 5765) Suicide terrorist attack near a shopping mall in Netanya. 4 women were killed, 30 people wounded
2006 — (16th of Tammuz, 5766) The July War or Second Lebanon War began when Hezbollah forces in southern Lebanon attacked IDF forces in Israel with rockets and mortars.
2014 — (14th of Tammuz, 5774) Hamas fired dozens of rockets at Jerusalem and Tel Aviv
2014 — (14 Tammuz 5774) In the evening, rocket attacks on communities in the Western Galilee from Lebanon
2020 — (20 Tammuz 5780) The IDF Spokesperson’s Unit announced the creation of a new unit in the Air Force: the 7th Air Wing. It includes Search and Rescue Unit 669 and the ground reconnaissance sabotage unit «Shaldag.»
2024 — (6 Tammuz 5784) The Cabinet decided to extend mandatory military service in the IDF for men from 32 to 36 months for the next eight years
People
1854 — George Eastman was born — inventor of the Kodak camera. Died March 14, 1932.
1876 — (20 Tammuz 5636) Max Jacob was born — French poet and painter. Died in the Drancy transit camp on March 5, 1944.
1881 — L. Rubiner was born — German writer, one of the founders of the first proletarian theater (1919). Died February 26, 1920.
1884 — (19 Tammuz 5644) Lazar Yakovlevich Meyer (Louis Burt Mayer) was born — American film producer, known as the head and one of the founders of the Hollywood studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which annually awards the Academy Award (Oscar), also proposed by him. Died October 29, 1957
1884 — (19th of Tammuz, 5644) Birthdate of Italian painter and sculptor, Amedeo Modigliani
1894 — (8 Tammuz 5654) I. Babel was born — writer. Executed by firing squad on January 27, 1940.
1904 — (29th of Tammuz, 5664) Birthdate of Pinchas Lavon, the native of Galicia who made Aliyah in 1929 and who is best known for his role in the Lavon Affair that occurred while he was serving as Minister of Defense
1933 — (18 Tammuz 5693) B. Razinsky was born — goalkeeper for the USSR national football team, Olympic champion in 1956. Died in 2012