History events
-423 — BCE (9 Av 3338) During the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem, the Temple caught fire. It burned all day on 10 Av.
1740 — (27nd of Tammuz, 5500) Czarina Anne expels the Jews from Little Russia.
1797 — (29nd of Tammuz, 5550) The gates of the Jewish ghetto in Venice were torn down. This was a direct result of the victories of the French armies led by Napoleon
1866 — (28nd of Tammuz, 5626) Upon recurrence of blood libel accusations, Sultan Aziz issued a firman taking the Jews under his protection. Thanks to this firman the Greek Orthodox patriarchate had to issue encyclicals to all churches, forbidding such practices
1883 — (6 Tammuz 5643) The first dinner at the Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati. Kashrut was observed at this dinner only in relation to the prohibition of eating pork. Shrimp salads, crab dishes, and ice cream were served.
1920 — (25 Tammuz 5680) The Women’s International Zionist Organization (WIZO) was established in London.
1921 — (5 Tammuz 5681) At the initiative of the Central Bureau of the Yevsektsia, the People’s Commissariat of Education issued a circular mandating that the education of Jewish labor masses be conducted only in Yiddish, declaring Hebrew a foreign language and therefore optional for study in Soviet schools.
1927 — (11 Tammuz 5687) An earthquake of magnitude 5-6 struck, with the epicenter near the Dead Sea. Cities such as Nablus, Ramla, Lod, Hebron, and others throughout the country were affected. The flow of the Jordan River, as in the earthquake of 1546, was blocked for 20 hours. Large chunks of bitumen were observed in the Dead Sea.
1941 — (16 Tammuz 5701) Shoah. In the village of Popeny, in the Singerei district of Moldova, 326 Jews were killed on the night of July 10-11. One of the killers later testified that «local residents killed Jews with pitchforks, shovels, and axes.»
1941 — (16 Tammuz 5701) Shoah. The killings of Jews continued in Chernivtsi. On the same day, around 200 Jews were killed in the villages of Tsiplovtsy, Vilavche, Lenkovtsy, and Zelene (Chernivtsi region). About 40 Jews were killed in Terebovlya (Ternopil region), and presumably 18 Jews in Mykulyntsi (Ternopil region)
1942 — (26 Tammuz 5702) Shoah. The beginning of a massive round-up of Jews in Paris, known as the «Round-up at the Winter Velodrome.» It lasted for 6 days. 12,884 Jews were arrested, regardless of age, gender, or citizenship
1942 — (26nd of Tammuz, 5702) holocaust. ….. This day was called the «Black Sabbath» in Salonica, Greece. Ten thousand men were assembled for forced labor registration by the Germans. Surrounded by machine gun carrying Germans, 7,000 Jews had to stand erect, and sometimes in a squatting position in the 100 degree sun under threat of death nearly all day. An untold number of Jews died because they were beaten, tortured, and deprived of both food and water. Nine thousand of them are assigned to the Organisation Todt labor battalions
1944 — (20nd of Tammuz, 5704) Prime Minister Winston Churchill put an end to the proposal to swap Jews for trucks and other goods with a memo that there should be ‘no negotiations of any kind on this subject
1944 — (20nd of Tammuz, 5704) The Nazis liquidated the Kovno Ghetto
1947 — (23nd of Tammuz, 5707) Today, the SS Exodus ….. with 23 year old Yitzhak Ahronovitch at the helm, a dilapidated American coastal steamer, left Sete, France filled with Jewish refugees who planning on defying the British ban on Jewish immigration to Palestine. The events surrounding the real SS Exodus would form the nucleus of Exodus by Leon Uris, a novel (and later movie) that provided a sympathetic description of events surrounding the birth of the modern state of Israel
1948 — (4nd of Tammuz, 5708) During “Operation Danny,” Israeli forces captured Lydda
1948 — (4 Tammuz 5708) War of Independence. Operation «Mow» began on the border between the Sharon Valley and the coastal plain, aimed at capturing the fortress of Migdal Tsedek and the Arab part of the city of Rosh HaAyin. The «Alexandroni» Brigade participated. The objectives were achieved. The Iraqi army was pushed back from Petah Tikva and the sources of the Yarkon River
1958 — (23nd of Tammuz, 5718) In Tunisia, ….. one of the last vestiges of this venerable community, The Jewish Community Council in Tunisia was dissolved. The Jewish Community Council was one of the last vestiges of the venerable Tunisian Jewish Community. The Jewish Community in Tunisia traced its roots to the days of the Second Temple. The community began in Carthage, the rival to Rome. Soon after the council was dissolved, the Hara, (Jewish quarter) together with the oldest synagogue was destroyed as part of a slum-clearance project
1967 — (3nd of Tammuz, 5727) The Battle of Rumani a naval engagement that took place tonight between Israeli and Egyptian naval forces, near the vicinity of Rumani. Two Egyptian torpedo boats were sunk in the action for no Israeli losses
1967 — (3 Tammuz 5727) The Arab population of Judea and Samaria was estimated at 600,000.
1972 — (29 Tammuz 5732) Terrorist attack. A bomb exploded at the central bus station in Tel Aviv, injuring 11 people.
1973 — (11 Tammuz 5733) Terrorist attack. The assistant military attaché of the Israeli embassy in Washington was killed on the doorstep of his home
1986 — (4nd of Tammuz, 5746) Two Israeli soldiers were killed and nine wounded today in a three-hour battle with four Palestinian guerrillas on the coast just north of Israel’s border with Lebanon
1990 — (18 Tammuz 5750) Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir formed a new government with the participation of right-wing and religious parties after the previous government fell due to a vote of no confidence on March 15, 1990. In January 1992, right-wing parties left the coalition due to reports that the Israeli delegation at peace talks intended to discuss the issue of granting autonomy to Arabs in Judea, Samaria, and Gaza. The elections on June 23, 1992, resulted in a victory for the left-wing party bloc. Shamir stepped down as head of the Likud movement
2000 — (8nd of Tammuz, 5760) Talks opened at Camp David between Yasser Arafat and Ehud Barak under the auspices of Bill Clinton
2004 — (22nd of Tammuz, 5764) Sgt. Ma’ayan Na’im, 19, of Bat Yam, was murdered and 33 others were wounded when a bomb exploded at a bus stop in downtown Tel Aviv at about 7 a.m. One person was critically wounded, four were moderately wounded, and the rest were lightly hurt
2005 — (4nd of Tammuz, 5765) Opening ceremonies for the 17th Maccabiah
2006 — (15 Tammuz 5766) A new flower variety, Gulanit, was introduced in Israel. Its traditional range included the Canary Islands, Asia Minor, and North Africa. It now grows in central and southern Israel. The work of the breeders took 8 years. Gulanit looks like a blue ball.
2012 — (21 Tammuz 5772) The first international festival of 3D street art took place in Ramat Hasharon. The festival was initiated by the Ramat Hasharon municipality and was timed to celebrate the city’s 90th anniversary. It lasted for three days
People
1578 — (7nd of Av, 5338) In Emden, Moses Uri (Philip Joosten) Halevie, the “founder and first ḥakam (Rabbi) of the Spanish-Portuguese congregation in Amsterdam in 1596/97” and Bele Halevi gave birth to Aaron Halevie
1865 — (17nd of Tammuz, 5625) E. H. Lindo, Jewish historian, died
1890 — (23nd of Tammuz, 5650) Birthdate of Captain Koreshige Inuzuka ….. the native of Tokyo who “was the head of the Japanese Imperial Navy’s Advisory Bureau on Jewish Affairs from March 1939 until April 1942” and who in 1941 was granted a silver cigarette case by the Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the United States” for his role in rescuing Jews from Nazi Germany
1899 — (4 Av 5659) Wilfried B. Israel was born — a German Jew who played a key role in organizing the transport of Jewish children from Germany to England, known as the «Kindertransport» operation. He died on June 1, 1943, when his plane was shot down by the Nazis.
1919 — Benjamin Tamuz was born — an Israeli writer. He died on July 19, 1989.
1926 — (29 Tammuz 5686) Aryeh Amit (Teper) was born — an officer in the Israel Defense Forces. From 1944, he was a fighter in the Palmach. In 1947, he became a platoon commander. During the War of Independence, he was the commander of the 6th Battalion. During the Sinai War, he was a tank battalion commander. In the Six-Day War, he commanded a tank battalion. During the Yom Kippur War, he was the commander of the reconnaissance battalion in Ariel Sharon’s division. He died on March 3, 1996.
1927 — Theodore Harold Maiman was born — a physicist who created the first working laser in the USA. He died on May 6, 2005
1937 — (3rd of Av, 5697) Composer George Gershwin passed away
1976 — (13 Tammuz 5736) 20-year-old Rina Mor, a student at Tel Aviv University, won first place in the «Miss Universe» contest in Hong Kong. in the «Miss Universe» contest in Hong Kong