History events
1321 — (2 Elul 5081) In Chinon (France), 160 Jews were burned, including the famous rabbi Eliezer ben-Yosef. In Languedoc, other attacks on Jews occurred; information about them has been preserved in the work of the Provençal rabbi, philosopher, and translator from Arabic, Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, «Even-Bohan.»
1675 — (15 Elul 5435) A pogrom against Jews in the German city of Trier. They were accused of aiding the French troops that had captured the city during the so-called Dutch War; after the French surrendered, the townspeople looted Jewish homes, causing significant damage to the community. In memory of this, the Jews of Trier established an annual fast on 15 Elul. The Dutch War was a conflict between coalitions of European states from 1672 to 1678.
1729 — (13 Elul 5489) In Lower Manhattan, members of the Shearith Israel community laid the cornerstone of a synagogue
1892 — (4th of Elul, 5652) The first passenger train belonging to the Jaffa-Jerusalem Railway arrived in Jerusalem today
1929 — (21 Av 5689) Arabs destroyed the Hilda farm, established in 1909, in central Israel. During the defense of the farm, Ephraim Chizik, the commander of a Haganah unit, was killed. In 1931, members of the «Gordonia» group founded the Hilda kibbutz on the site of the destroyed farm
1941 — (4th of Elul, 5701) Нolocaust. ….. In Kamieniec Podolski, 11,000 Jews were executed. On this day, the police battalion «South» shot 369 Jews. In the village of Urich (Skole district of Lviv region), 131 Jews were killed, and in the village of Krasnoe (Kalynindorf district of Kherson region), 150 Jewish refugees were killed. On the same day, units of the 1st SS Motorized Infantry Brigade north of the Korosten-Belokorovichi road killed 12 Jews. It is likely that on this day, the Sonderkommando 4a shot 238 Jews in Korosten; The Nazis massacred the Jewish community of Posvol, Lithuania; Detachments of the Einsatzgruppen in Kamenets-Podolsk and troops under the command of the Higher SS and Police Leader for the southern region, SS General Friedrich Jeckeln, began to carry out mass killings of the Jewish deportees as well as the local Jewish population
1942 — (14th of Elul, 5702) Нolocaust. ….. Eight thousand Jews from Wieliczka, Poland, are killed at the Belzec death camp; When a transport train carrying 6000 Jews from Miedzyrzec, Poland, arrives at the Treblinka extermination camp, guards discover that all 6000 have died of suffocation during the 75-mile journey; Several thousand Jews from Chortkov, Poland, are assembled in the town square and forced to witness the murders of the community’s children
1942 — (14 Elul 5702) Holocaust. Executions of Jews began in Sarny (Rivne region). From Chortkiv, Yahilnytsia, and Tolstoye (Ternopil region), 2,120 Jews, 550, and 300 Jews were taken to Belzec, respectively; 350 Jews were killed on the spot in Chortkiv and 65 in Yahilnytsia
1948 — (22 Av 5708) Under public pressure, 5 commanders of the Irgun, captured during the battle for the «Altalena,» were released from prison
1952 — (6th of Elul, 5712) The Knesset endorsed by an overwhelming vote the agreement with the US for the purchase of arms and for the negotiations in Washington for military aid, within the framework of the Mutual Security Act. The vote came in the form of a vote of no confidence in the government, introduced by Mapam and supported by the Communists, which was defeated by 69 votes to 13
1952 — (6th of Elul, 5712) Reparation negotiations between West Germany and Israel end in Luxembourg; West Germany to pay 3 billion Deutschmarks
1953 — (16 Elul 5713) The Knesset passed a law establishing the highest institution for Hebrew (the Academy of Hebrew)
1961 — (15 Elul 5721) An interview with Nasser revealed that Israel had purchased «Mirage» aircraft from France— the best in the world.
1967 — (21 Av 5727) The Israeli government approved the official name for the recent war: «Six-Day War.»
1969 — (13 Elul 5729) War of Attrition. Operation «Bustan 39.» A helicopter landing of Israeli paratroopers near the headquarters of Egyptian forces 300 km from Cairo. Mortar fire on the headquarters.
1969 — (7 Elul 5729) Mentally ill Australian resident Dennis Michael Rohan set fire to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem on the Temple Mount. The fire caused significant damage to the mosque building. The fire was extinguished only by noon. The Jerusalem court found Rohan to be mentally ill, and instead of prison, he was sent to a psychiatric hospital, where he stayed for five years. Despite the fact that Rohan is not Jewish, his act had severe consequences for Israel. Numerous apologies from Israeli politicians to Muslims worldwide did not help. At the time, Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir arrived at the arson site immediately after the fire was extinguished. «I thought Israel would be wiped out,» she later admitted. However, representatives of the Islamic community did not accept the apologies and claimed that the arson of Al-Aqsa was a well-prepared action by Israel. On August 28, 1969, 24 Muslim countries filed a complaint with the UN Security Council regarding the «attempt to destroy Al-Aqsa.»
2001 — (8 Elul 5761) Terrorist attack. Arabs shot at a car in Har Bracha. Meir Lichtenberg (38 years old), father of six children, was killed, and one person was injured. The Har Bracha settlement was established in 1983 and is located in Samaria.
2013 — (21 Elul 5773) Israel. About 550 new preschool institutions opened their doors for children aged three to four. New kindergartens were established as part of the government plan to provide free preschool education for all children of this age.
2014 — (1 Elul 5774) As part of the construction of the high-speed railway from Jerusalem to Tel Aviv, the tunneling of one of the two longest railway tunnels in Israel, measuring 11.6 km, from Nahal Itla (Sha’ar HaGai) to Mevasseret Zion, was completed.
People
1684 — (27 Elul 5444) Rabbi of the old synagogue in Port Royal (Jamaica) Yeoshia Hiskiyahu Pardo died at the age of 58
1698 — (1nd of Tishrei, 5459) Birthdate of Rabbi Yisroel (Israel) ben Eliezer often called Baal Shem Tov or Besht
1816 — (3nd of Elul, 5576) Birthdate of Polish born Jewish journalist Aleksander Zederbaum who in 1860 founded Ha-Meliz, the first Hebrew language periodical published in Russia
1867 — (26 Av 5627) (Old style) Israel Gelfand (Parvus) was born — theorist of Marxism, publicist, doctor of philosophy. Died December 12, 1924.
1873 — Y. Steklov (Nakhmkiс) was born — revolutionary, historian, editor of the newspaper «Izvestia VTsIK.» Repressed on September 15, 1941.
1896 — (18 Elul 5656) Faina Ranevskaya (Fanya Feldman) was born — actress. Died July 19, 1984.
1903 — Natalia Sats was born — theater director. Died December 18, 1993.
1908 — Sulamith Mikhailovna Messerer was born — ballet dancer, teacher, choreographer. Died June 3, 2004.
1909 — Ts. Solodar was born — writer. Died November 15, 1992.
1925 — (7 Elul 5685) David Elazar was born — Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces from 1972 to 1974. Died April 15, 1976.
1927 — Isaac Aaronovich was born — Israeli sailor, captain of the ship with Jewish refugees «Exodus.» Died December 23, 2009
1937 — (22nd of Elul, 5697) Lionel Walter Rothschild passed away. ….. The 2nd Baron Rothschild was a British zoologist who became a great collector and founded the Rothschild Natural History Museum in London. The museum was opened to the public in 1892. As the eldest son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, he was somewhat of a disappointment to his father as his life was devoted to natural history and not banking. His interest in natural history began when he was a child, collecting butterflies. Numerous species and sub-species of animals were named after him. He issued Novitates Zoologicae from Tring, his country estate and published scores of scientific papers. He received his titles on the death of his father in 1915. The Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum became part of the Natural History Museum
1971 — (6th of Elul, 5731) Sixty-seven year old Margaret Bourke-White, one of the great photographers of the 20th century, if not of all times whose father was from an Orthodox Jewish family and whose mother was Irish passed away today