History events
-141 — (18 Elul 3620 BCE) The last of the Hasmonean brothers, Simon, was elected High Priest and Prince of the Jewish people by a large assembly of the people in Jerusalem. Under him, Judea became an independent state. (Sh. Dubnov «A Brief History of the Jews»)
1349 — (7th of Elul, 5109) Six thousand Jews slaughtered in Mayence
1454 — (28th of Av, 5214) Jews of Brno (now a city in the Czech Republic; then a free imperial city of Moravia) were expelled by King Ladislaus
1614 — (27th of Elul, 5374) Vincent Fettmilch of Frankfurt, ….. a former pastry cook and leader of the Guilds, calling himself the «new Haman of the Jews» attacked the synagogue while the community was at prayer. Although many tried to organize a defense, they were soon overpowered and many took shelter in the cemetery while the community was destroyed. He and his accomplices were hanged and quartered for it 2 years later. They were not hanged for their attacks on the Jews. They were hanged because they had decided to attack the wealthy nobles
1654 — (19 Elul 5414) Arrival of the first Jews in North America.
1823 — (15 Elul 5583) An order from the governor of Galicia prohibited Jews from praying in private homes.
1902 — (19 Av 5662) The second and first legal congress of Zionists in Russia opened in Minsk. Over 500 delegates participated, along with hundreds of guests and about 70 reporters from sixty Russian and Jewish newspapers. The congress was held under the vigilant supervision of the police. It was actually authorized so that the authorities could understand Zionism. Their impressions were mixed. On the one hand, the Zionists aimed to transport these «dirty…» out of Russia; on the other hand, the numerous factions at the congress (Democratic, for example), the «libertarian rhetoric,» and, most importantly, the clear desire of those gathered to influence the national consciousness of the Jews, raised concerns. The congress lasted 7 days instead of 5 and ended peacefully, much to the delegates’ delight, without a split. However, after this, the Empire’s Ministry of Internal Affairs did not allow such experiments again. Thus, the first legal congress became the last.
1914 — (30 Av 5674) The Eden cinema opened in Tel Aviv. The first film shown there was «The Last Days of Pompeii.» The construction site was chosen just outside the Neve Tzedek neighborhood, on Pines Street.
1921 — (18 Av 5681) The first issue of the weekly newspaper of the Jewish Communist Federation under the Communist Party of the USA, «Emes,» was published.
1938 — (25 Av 5698) Shoah. About sixty Jews from Germany arrived by ship in Helsinki. The Finnish authorities did not allow them to disembark.
1941 — (29 Av 5701) Shoah. In the village of Yuzelpole, 100 Jews were executed; in the village of Melene (Chopovychy district of Zhytomyr region), 74 Jews; in Dubno (Rivne region), 575 Jews. On the same day, the 314th police battalion shot 367 Jews in the Volyn region. On the same day, executions in Bila Tserkva were completed; more than 500 Jews were killed. A group of Jews was killed in Shpola (Cherkasy region).
1942 — (9 Elul 5702) Near the village of Korchevye, close to Kostiopil (Rivne region), around 2,000 Jews from the Stepan district (Stepan, Krychylsk, Korost, Velyke Verbcze, Volosha, Kazimirovka) were shot. In Ivano-Frankivsk, 1,000 Jews were executed, and several dozen were hanged. In Lviv, all Jewish hospitals were cleared: the non-transportable patients were killed on the spot, and the others were taken outside the city and shot.
1956 — (15 Elul 5716) The results of a nine-day strike by the cooperatives «Dan» and «Egoz,» which advocated for higher ticket prices, were summarized. The strike ended unsuccessfully because the government sent specially mobilized tenders, trucks, and even taxis along the empty routes.
2001 — (3 Elul 5761) Terrorist attack in Jerusalem. A car explosion. No casualties.
2005 — (17th of Av, 5765) Netzarim was evacuated by the Israeli military today officially marking the end of the 38-year-long presence of Israeli settlers in the Gaza Strip, though the official handover was planned for several weeks later
2013 — (16 Elul 5773) Four rockets were fired from Lebanon into Israeli territory. Two exploded in populated areas of Western Galilee. The shockwave and shrapnel broke windows in several houses and caused damage to a vehicle
People
1280 — (25 Elul 5040) The 13th-century Kabbalist and mystic Abraham ben Samuel Abulafia arrived in Italy to convert Pope Nicholas III to Judaism. The Pope, having learned of this in advance, ordered Abulafia to be seized and burned, but unexpectedly died the day before his arrival. Abulafia was arrested but not executed; he was held in prison for almost a month and then released
1370 — (30th of Av, 5130) Judah Alatzar of Barcelona, a Spanish Jew, lent the king and queen 110,000 sueldos so they could equip ten ships which would transfer the Pope from Rome to Avignon
1694 — (11 Elul 5454) Rabbi and writer Samuel ben Abraham Aboab died at the age of 84.
1800 — (1th of Elul, 5560) Birthdate of Samuel David Luzzatto, Italian-Jewish scholar
1891 — Jacques Lipchitz was born — sculptor. Died on May 26, 1973.
1948 — (17 Av 5708) Agents of the Haganah unit «pseudo-Arabs» E. Horin (23 years old) and D. Mizrachi (25 years old) were executed by Egyptians; they were sent into the Egyptian rear for reconnaissance purposes
1973 — (24th of Av, 5733) U.S. President Richard Nixon names Henry Kissinger as Secretary of State. Kissinger is the first Jew to hold this post
2014 — (26 Av 5774) Operation «Protective Edge.» Day forty-six: attacks on Israel, 168 rockets — a «record» of the war. Two people were killed, including 4-year-old Daniel Tragerman.
2024 — (18 Av 5784) War with Gaza. Day three hundred twenty-one. Corporal Uri Nehemiah was killed in Rafah