History events
70 — (7 Av 3830) — Destruction of the Second Temple
1247 — (29 Av 5007) Letter from Pope Innocent IV to King Louis IX of France, instructing not to burn the Talmud, as Pope Gregory X had demanded, but only to subject it to censorship.
1391 — (1 Elul 5151) Jewish pogrom in Palma de Mallorca. 300 Jews were killed, and 800 found refuge in a fortress. From there, with the permission of the island’s governor and under cover of night, some sailed to North Africa, while others agreed to be baptized.
1454 — (19 Av 5234) Expulsion of Jews from Brno (Czechia)
1492 — (9th of Av, 5252) Jews expelled from Spain
1675 — (20th of Av, 5435) The «Great Synagogue» was inaugurated in Amsterdam on Rapenburgerstraat. This was a Sephardic synagogue, home to K.K. Talmud Torah, which was a union of Congregations Neveh Shalom founded in 1608 and Bet Yisrael found in 1618
1790 — (22th of Av, 5550) The United States conducts its first census. Out of a population of four million people, there are approximately 2,000 Jews
1819 — (11th of Av, 5579) An anti-Semitic riot breaks out in the city of Wurzberg
1903 — (9th of Av, 5663) Opening of the Bank Leumi’s first branch in Turkish Jaffa
1905 — (1 Av 5665) Conclusion of the 7th Zionist Congress in Basel, where the idea of resettling Jews in Africa was finally laid to rest
1912 — (19th of Av, 5672) The Jewish Socialist Federation of America whose purposes included the organization of the Jewish Organization of the Jewish Working Class” was officially formed today with offices in New York City
1924 — (2th of Av, 5684) A group of 12 settlers of Ashkenazi origin who received a plot of land from Yehoshua Hankin found Magdiel which would merge with Ramatayim, Hadar and Ramat Hadar in 1964 to form Hod HaSharon
1933 — (10th of Av, 5693) Der Angriff, a newspaper owned by Dr. Paul Josef Goebbels, Nazi Minister of Propaganda and Enlightenment carries a story that Jews are organizing themselves into military units to «attack Germany at the first opportunity»
1941 — (9th of Av, 5701) Over 200 Jews were shot in Kovno on Shabbat
1941 — (9 Av 5701) Shoah. Another mass shooting of Jews from the Daugavpils ghetto.
1942 — (19 Av 5702) Shoah. 250 Dutch Jewish Catholics were arrested and transferred to the Amersfoort camp.
1942 — (19 Av 5702) Shoah. Another 800 Jews were shot in Vishnevets, and in Lanivtsi (Ternopil region) — 2,143 Jews (including Jews from Bilozerka)
1943 — (1th of Av, 5703) Led by a small group of prisoners using primitive weapons and pistols, inmates at Treblinka attacked the guards and burned down the barracks. Between 300 and 500 prisoners escaped although most of them were either captured or turned over by Polish peasants. Though the revolt did not stop all activities, the German government decided to liquidate the camp, which it did in October
1948 — (22th of Tammuz, 5550) The Israeli Government proclaimed the areas of Jerusalem under Israeli control to be Israeli-occupied territory and appointed Bernard Joseph as Military Governo
1949 — (7th of Av, 5709) Under a plan of the new Israeli government, part of the old city of Beersheba will be flooded as a 500-acre water reservoir for the projected new Negev city on the heights overlooking Beersheba. The reservoir would be formed by damming the Wadi Saba, rocky watercourse through which 10,000,000 cubic meters of rainwater sweep into the Mediterranean every winter
2009 — (12 Av 5769) The «Egged» company finally eliminated the last platforms for the handful of buses departing from the old Tel Aviv bus station.
2010 — (22 Av 5770) Israel. Five rockets exploded in the Eilat area. They were launched from the Sinai Peninsula.
2015 — (17 Av 5775) Construction work began on the underground stations of the Tel Aviv Metro Light Rail Red Line
People
1579 — (10 Av 5339) At the age of 59 (or 55), Yosef Nasi died — a Turkish statesman and military figure who unsuccessfully attempted to re-establish Jewish states in Eretz-Yisrael and on islands in the Mediterranean Sea (Cyprus, Aegean Sea islands, an island near Venice)
1784 — (11th of Av) Rabbi Simcha ben Abraham Calimani poet and linguist, passed away at Venice
1842 — (26 Av 5602) Ansel Polak Daniels was born — a Dutch chess player. Unofficial champion of the Netherlands in 1877. He died on April 1, 1891.
1876 — (12 Av 5636) Yosef Vitkin was born — a public figure, one of the early ideologists of the labor movement in Israel. He died on January 23, 1912.
1880 — R. Abramovich was born — a revolutionary, leader of the Bund, and one of the leaders of the Menshevik party. He died on April 11, 1963.
1891 — Viktor Zhirmunsky was born — a linguist and literary scholar. He died on January 31, 1971.
1892 — J. Warner was born — the youngest of the four brothers — founders of the American film company Warner Brothers Pictures. He died on September 9, 1978.
1903 — (9 Av 5663) Ezra Danin was born in Jaffa — an Israeli intelligence officer and diplomat, creator of the future Jewish state’s first secret service — the «Shai.» He died in 1984.
1923 — (20th of Av, 5683) Birthdate of Shimon Peres. He died on September 28, 1916
1932 — (29 Tammuz 5692) At the X Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, 28-year-old American athlete Lillian Copeland, daughter of Jewish immigrants from Poland, won a gold medal in the discus throw, setting a new world and Olympic record – 40 m 58 cm.
1932 — Eliyahu Ben-Elissar was born — an Israeli statesman, public figure, historian, and diplomat. He died on August 12, 2000
1994 — (25th of Av, 5754) Yoram Sakuri, 30, of Kiryat Netafim in Samaria, died of stab wounds suffered when a terrorist broke into his home on July 1st