History events
1263 — (12 Elul 5023) King James I of Aragon ordered the Jews living in his lands to remove, within three months, any passages deemed objectionable by Christian theologians from their sacred books. In case of non-compliance, the books were to be burned, and the community was to be fined a large sum
1338 — (3st of Elul, 5098) Host desecration riots destroyed the Jewish community of Wolfsberg, Austria. The Jews were accused of having stolen the Eucharist, making it bleed, and trying to burn it. Over 70 Jews were burned at the stake and the community destroyed. The community was never revived
1391 — (or August 12) (10 Elul 5151) A pogrom against Jews in Girona. Several Jews were killed. Some converted to Christianity
1487 — (30 Av 5247) Málaga was reconquered from the Moors by Castilian troops; 12 Judaizers (Marranos) were executed.
1509 — (3 Elul 5269) A decree by Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, ordering the confiscation of Jewish sacred books. It was signed under the influence of the writings of the convert Johannes Pfefferkorn
1555 — (2st of Elul, 5315) First printing of Orech Chaim a section of the Shulchan Aruch in Eretz Yisrael. The Shulchan Aruch (The Set Table in English) is a major compilation of Jewish Law created by Rabbi Joseph Caro
1872 — (15st of Av, 5632) In Jerusalem, dedication of Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue which would serve as the Chasidic house of worship until the Arabs demolished it in 1948 that is also known the Nissan Beck Shul in honor of Nisan Beck, the leader of the Chassidic community in Palestine until his death in 1889 who was responsible for the construction of the building under extremely adverse conditions
1881 — (24st of Av, 5641) It was reported today that based on figures collected in Germany, there are 6,139,662 Jews living in the world. Of these, over 5 million live in Europe and slightly more than 300,000 live in America. In Europe Russia, with 2,552,594 has the most Jews and Norway with 34 has the fewest
1898 — (1 Elul 5658) The first congress of Russian Zionists opened in Warsaw. (Officially, the Minsk congress held in early September 1902 was called the «First Congress of Russian Zionists.» However, it was actually the second. The first, in Warsaw, was not mentioned only because it was held illegally.)
1938 — (22st of Av, 5698) The Swiss Federal Council ordered the closing of their border to refugees from the Third Reich
1941 — (26st of Av, 5641) Нolocaust. Einsatzkommando 8 as well as local collaborators in Mogilev, Belorussia, kill more than 3000 Jews
1941 — (26 Av 5701) Shoah. In Starya Pilyava and Sieniawa (Khmelnytskyi region), the headquarters company of the Higher SS and Police Leader in Southern Russia shot 514 Jews. On the same day, a unit of Sonderkommando 4a began executing Jews in Bila Tserkva (Kyiv region). On the same day, the security police returned another 2,000 Jews to Bessarabia via Yampil
1942 — (6st of Elul, 5702) Нolocaust. ….. At the Belzec extermination camp, 700 to 800 Jews herded into a gas chamber wait in torment for nearly three hours until a balky diesel engine can be started and the chamber filled with deadly exhaust; The first large-scale aktion in the Łuck Ghetto took place today” when about 17,000 Jews were rounded up by Nazi Orpo police and the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police during a four-day period, assembled at the square by the pharmacy, and taken in lorries along with women and children, to the Górka Połonka forest on the outskirts of Łuck where they were shot into the prepared trenches
1942 — (6 Elul 5702) Shoah. The liquidation of the Lutsk ghetto (17,000 people) began, lasting 4 days.
1942 — (6 Elul 5702) In Bar and Yaltushkiv (Vinnytsia region), over 3,000 and 450 Jews were shot respectively. A new Jewish action began in Kovel: 5,000–6,000 people were shot. On the same day, the Romanians handed over 3,000 Jews from «Tulchyn County» to the Germans for use in road works. In Zhytomyr, 237 Jewish workers were shot
1943 — (18st of Av, 5703) Nir Am “was established today by immigrants from Bessarabia who were members of the Gordonia youth movement
1948 — (14 Av 5708) The NAHAL youth movement began in Israel
1952 — (28st of Av, 5712) The Knesset voted by 70 to 11 for an increase in the period of compulsory military service to 30 months.
1953 — (8st of Elul, 5713) The Knesset passed a law establishing the Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority known as Yad Vashem (a monument and a memorial) which takes it name from a verse from Isaiah
1963 — (29st of Av, 5723) Syrian forces murdered two civilians in Almagor, a moshav north of the Lake Kinneret.
1965 — (21 Av 5725) The first German ambassador, R. Pauls, arrived in Jerusalem to present his credentials to Israeli President Zalman Shazar. Pauls’s motorcade was met by a crowd of Israelis throwing bottles and stones.
1975 — (12 Elul 5735) The first municipal elections were held in Kiryat Arba, a settlement established near Hebron by decision of the Israeli government in 1970.
1980 — (7 Elul 5740) A cornerstone-laying ceremony for the settlement of Efrat in Gush Etzion.
1982 — (30 Av 5742) The Israeli government approved a plan for the evacuation of Arab fighters from West Beirut. According to the plan, within two weeks, armed PLO units were to be evacuated by sea from Beirut. Tunisia, North Yemen, Syria, Algeria, Sudan, Iraq, and Jordan agreed to accept the evacuees.
1982 — (30 Av 5742) At an emergency session on Palestine, the UN General Assembly, «shocked by the enormous number of innocent Palestinian and Lebanese children – victims of Israeli acts of aggression,» decided to observe June 4 of each year as the International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
2003 — (21st of Av, 5763) Twenty-three people, including two small children and two infants, were murdered and 134 wounded when a Palestinian suicide bomber detonated himself on a #2 Egged bus in Jerusalem’s Shmuel Hanavi neighborhood.
2006 — (25 Av 5766) Heavy rains fell in northern Israel. Meteorologists reported 15-18 mm of precipitation. The rains occurred in the Upper and Western Galilee regions and on the Golan Heights. Meteorologists noted that this phenomenon is extremely rare for Israel.
2011 — (19 Av 5771) The tram was launched in Jerusalem. The route is 13.8 km long, starting in Pisgat Ze’ev, passing through the city center, ending at Mount Herzl. There are 23 stops. A two-car train has a capacity of 550 people.
2011 — (19 Av 5771) Shelling of Ashdod from Gaza. A Grad rocket exploded on the premises of a synagogue and yeshiva. At least 10 people were injured.
2012 — (1 Elul 5772) An Iron Dome battery was deployed near Eilat for the first time.
2014 — (23 Av 5774) During the day, Hamas broke a truce that had lasted nearly 9 days, firing rockets at Beersheba and Netivot. Operation Protective Edge resumed.
2023 — (2 Elul 5783) Terrorist attack in the Arab village of Hawara. At a gas station, Shai Silas Nigarker, 60, and his 28-year-old son, Aviad Nir Nigarker, residents of Ashdod, were killed
People
1654 — (16st of Elul, 5414) Gershon Shaul Yom Tov Lipman Heller, «Tosfot Yom Tov» passed away today. He served as chief Rabbi of Prague and of Vienna. His most famous work was a commentary on the Mishnah entitled Tosafot Yom Tov
1800 — (28st of Av, 5560) Michael Beer, German poet, born
1845 — (16 Av 5605) Baron Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild, an outstanding Jewish public figure, was born. He died on November 2, 1934.
1865 — (27 Av 5625) M. Y. Berdichevsky, a writer who wrote in Yiddish and Hebrew, was born. He died on November 18, 1921.
1878 — (20 Av 5638) Manuel Luis Quezon, President of the Philippines, was born. In 1939, he opened entry visas for 10,000 Jews from Europe, gave Jews from European countries land, helped build housing, schools, and the first synagogue in Manila. He died on August 1, 1944.
1890 — (3 Elul 5650) Yitzhak Landoberg (Sadeh) was born. He was a military commander during the Mandate and War of Independence, founder of the PALMACH, and the first commander of the IDF Armored Corps. He died on August 21, 1952.
1906 — A. Shurov (Livshits), a variety artist, was born. He died on December 18, 1995.
1925 — Ilona Carmel, an American writer, was born. She died on November 30, 2000.
1944 — (30st of Av, 5704) Birthdate of Mordechai «Motaleh» Spiegler, the native of Scohi, in the former Soviet Union who became a leading Israeli footballer and manager
2011 — (19 Av 5771) Funeral of Chief Warrant Officer of the Border Police, Pascal Avrahami, who died the previous day in a clash with Arabs in southern Israel, was held at the military cemetery on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem. He participated in a huge number of operations and was awarded two medals – «For Bravery» and «For Distinction.»
2024 — (15 Av 5784) The war with Gaza. Day three hundred and eighteen. Senior Lieutenant Shahar Ben-Nun, 21, was killed in the southern part of the Strip.