History events
1772 — (12th of Av, 5532) Catherine the Great granted certain citizenship rights to the Jews of the annexed territories of Poland: «The Jewish societies residing in the cities and lands annexed to the Russian Empire shall be left and maintained with all those freedoms which they currently enjoy with respect to their law and property.»
1836 — (28th of Av, 5596) Restriction on the use of Christian prænomens removed in Bohemia
1890 — (25th of Av, 5650) The book «Geographical Palestine,» written by Major C. R. Conder, was published. It presented a detailed survey of Palestine. Claude Reignier Conder served in the Royal Corps of Engineers and led two expeditions to Palestine, which gave him knowledge of the geography of the Land of Israel.
1904 — (30th of Av, 5664) By his decree, Russian Emperor Nicholas II expanded the list of categories of the Jewish population from the Pale of Settlement granted the right to reside everywhere: This right was granted to advisors of commerce and manufacturing, participants in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, and their family members. Rural areas were opened to merchants of the First Guild and certain categories of artisans, and the interior provinces were opened not for residence, but for repeated visits – for the purpose of purchasing, producing, and selling goods
1929 — (5th of Av, 5689) The Jewish Agency was created at the 16th Zionist Congress in Zurich. It was intended to include non-Zionists such as Louis Marshall, Leon Blum and Felix Warburg to take a leading role among those working to create a Jewish state. At the 16th Zionist Congress, held in Zurich (Switzerland), the Palestinian Jewish Bureau, established in Jaffa in 1908, was renamed the «Jewish Agency for Palestine» (Sochnut)
1933 — (13th of Av, 5693) In Warsaw, an edict was issued forbidding Jewish bakers, who observe the Sabbath, to bake bread on Sundays. The edict affected over 50,000 Jewish bakers
1937 — (4th of Elul, 5697) By a vote of 304 to 158, the 20th Zionist Congress, ….. held in Zurich, endorsed Chaim Weizmann¹s proposal and empowered the Zionist Executive to negotiate with the British government the terms of the Royal (Peel) Report, according to which the partition of Palestine would be implemented and the Jewish state was to be established. Dr. Weizmann¹s proposal was denounced by Dr. Stephen Wise, on behalf of American Jewry and many other delegates, including Menachem Ussishkin. A revised version of the partition plan was also supported by David Ben-Gurion
1941 — (18th of Av, 5701) Vichy adopted an ordinance excluding Jews from working as doctors
1941 — (18th of Av, 5701) The Shoah. In Tomashpol (Vinnytsia Oblast), 150 Jews were murdered. On the same day, the Inspector of Gendarmerie in Chernivtsi reported to the Chief Praetor of the Romanian Army that in the Secureni camp, established pursuant to the order of August 8, 1941, there were 20,852 Jews, including: from the city of Khotyn — 3,800, from the city of Novoselytsia — 2,800, from the city of Storozhynets — 1,100, from the city of Hertsa — 1,200, from Khotyn district — 6,625, from Storozhynets district — 3,180, from Chernivtsi district — 977, and from Rădăuți district — 1,100. The report concluded with the words: «Given the very large number, their supply is impossible. For this reason, I propose establishing another camp in Edineț, Khotyn district.»
1942 — (28th of Av, 5702) The Shoah. In Zmievskaya Balka (Zmiyovskaya Ravine) near Rostov-on-Don, the extermination of Jews began. Over two days, more than 27,000 people were shot. Zmievskaya Balka is considered the largest Holocaust memorial in Russia.
1942 — (28th of Av, 5702) In Kremenets, 6,000 Jews were shot, and in Belaya Krinitsa, about 600 Jews were shot. In Vyshnevets, approximately another 400 Jews were murdered
1945 — (2nd of Elul, 5705) In Kraków, following an incident on June 27, rumors began to spread about alleged ritual murders of children by Jews (blood libel). The number of «victims» grew from thirteen to eighty. Regularly, groups of hooligans stoned the synagogue. On this day, Jews tried to catch a boy who was throwing stones at the synagogue. He broke free and ran into the market, shouting, «Jews tried to kill me.» Instantly, a mob burst into the local synagogue and began beating the Jews inside, and Torah scrolls were burned. The Jewish dormitory was also attacked. Jewish men, women, and children were beaten in the streets, their homes were broken into and looted. Some Jews were wounded during the pogrom and hospitalized, but in the hospitals, they were beaten again
1947 — (25th of Av, 5707) Today in the wake of an attack by an Arab band that killed person, four Jewish and an Arab, in a café on the outskirts of Tela Aviv, today Haganah warned the Jewish community against demands that it ‘revenge this manslaughter’ and to be calm while organized plans were prepared” while Vaad Leumi has asked for a meeting of all municipal councils in Palestine to formulae plans for tightening measures for the defense of the Jewish community
1947 — (25th of Av, 5707) An article by D. Shepilov, «Soviet Patriotism,» appeared in the newspaper Pravda, launching a campaign in the USSR against rootless cosmopolitanism.
1954 — (12th of Av, 5714) A Knesset committee recommended for the first time to revoke the immunity of Knesset member Shlomo Lavi from the MAPAI party. Shlomo Lavi caused a car accident that claimed a person’s life.
1976 — (15th of Av, 5736) Terrorist attack in Turkey. Arabs attacked El Al passengers who were preparing to board a plane. Four people were killed and twenty-one were wounded.
1982 — (22nd of Av, 5742) Operation Peace for Galilee. The start of the continuous bombing of West Beirut, which was, in essence, a base of the Palestine Liberation Organization
2006 — (17th of Av, 5766) A reported 120 rockets rained down on northern Israel striking Haifa, Safed and Kiryat Shimona
2009 — (21st of Av, 5769) A new, largest-in-Israel wastewater treatment plant complex opened in Lower Galilee
People
1667 — (21st of Av, 5427) Jonah Abravanel, Hebrew poet, died
1885 — Sofia Parnok was born — poet, critic. Died in 1932.
1905 — Kurt Gerstein was born — SS officer. In 1942, as an expert in the disinfectant use of Zyklon B gas, he was sent to the Belzec and Treblinka death camps, where he was supposed to study the possibility of replacing the exhaust gases used for the mass extermination of Jews with Zyklon B. In Belzec, he witnessed the murder of several thousand Jews from Lviv. Returning to Berlin, he informed Swedish and Swiss representatives, the Pope, and underground church circles about the mass extermination of Jews in the Belzec and Treblinka death camps, but encountered disbelief and indifference. Ordered to continue supplying deadly gas to the camps, Gerstein managed to destroy two shipments of cargo. At the end of the war, he submitted a report on Nazi atrocities to Anglo-American intelligence, which was later used at the Nuremberg Trials. Suspected of war crimes, Gerstein was arrested by the French. On July 25, 1945, he was found hanged in his cell.
1926 — Aaron Klug was born — English physicist, winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize. Died on November 20, 2018
1988 — (28th of Av, 5748) Meir Kahane renounced his US citizenship to stay in the Israeli Parliament. Kahane and his virulent anti-Arab views have been rejected by the Israeli mainstream. Kahane himself was gunned down by Arab terrorists
2024 — (7th of Av, 5784) Terrorist attack in the Jordan Valley. Arabs from a passing car fired at several vehicles. Yonatan Deutsch, a 23-year-old resident of Beit She’an, was killed; one person was wounded. The War with Gaza. Day three hundred eleven. Sergeant Omer Ginzburg, 19, was killed in battle in the southern part of the Strip.
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