History events
-1562 — (27 Tammuz 2199 BCE) Jacob had a son, Joseph.
-1274 — (1 Av 2487 BCE) Aaron, the elder brother of Moses and the first Jewish high priest, died at the age of 123 at Mount Hor in the Wilderness of Zin. On the day of Aaron’s death, the Amalekites attacked the camp of the Jews standing at the border of the Land of Israel. The Jews were seized by such panic that they decided to return to Egypt and retreated for three days. Then the tribe of Moses — the Levites — tried to stop the people. In the ensuing struggle, the Levites killed many of the panicking people and forcibly made the sons of Israel return.
-574 BCE — (15 Av 3186) The last king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel, Hoshea ben Elah, ordered the destruction of barriers on the roads to Jerusalem (see May 29, -797)
1205 — (27th of Tammuz, 4965) Pope lays down principle that Jews were doomed to perpetual servitude because they had crucified Jesus
1267 — (20 Tammuz 5027) A pogrom occurred in the German town of Pforzheim as a result of a blood libel: a claim by an old woman that Jews had bought a Christian child from her and killed him. In the pogrom, Rabbi Samuel ben Yaar ha-Levi, Rabbi Isaac Ben-Eliezer, and Rabbi Abraham Ben Gershom committed suicide to avoid the rage of the mob and cruel torture. Their bodies were later displayed on wheels.
1364 — (15 Av 5124) King Casimir III of Poland extended the Kalish Statute to all Jews in Poland. (The local prince of Kalish, Bolesław the Pious, introduced the well-known Kalish Statute in 1264. It established, despite resistance from the clergy, laws protecting Jews from arbitrariness: freedom of movement, freedom of trade, protection of Jewish cemeteries and synagogues, protection of personal integrity, etc. According to the Kalish Statute, a Jew was considered a servant of the crown, obligated to pay taxes. In return, the king was obligated to protect the Jews. The death penalty with confiscation of property was prescribed for the murder of a Jew, accusations of ritual murder were prohibited, and disputes among Jews were to be resolved within the community. In 1334, the Kalish Statute was extended to the Jews of Great Poland.)
1508 — (18th of Av, 5268) Royal decree expelling Jews from Portugal issued
1567 — (9th of Av, 5327) Jews were expelled from the entire Republic of Genoa today
1648 — (6 Av 5408) All 10,000 Jews of the city of Polonne were destroyed by the Cossacks of Khmelnytsky.
1655 — (20th of Tammuz, 5415) Act permitting Jews to trade in New Netherlands issued
1694 — (3th of Av, 5454) The Jesuits, who were opposed to the printing efforts of Shabbethai ben Joseph Bass, sent a letter to the magistrate of Breslau to have the sale of Hebrew books interdicted on the ground that such works contained «blasphemous and irreligious words
1854 — (19th of Tammuz, 5694) The Israelite, the first Jewish newspaper published in Cincinnati, Ohio, was established today. This English language newspaper was founded by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, the “founding father” of Reform Judaism in America whose other “firsts” included the creation of the Hebrew Union College
1892 — (20 Tammuz 5652) The Abarbanel Library was established in Jerusalem, which later became the «Jewish National and University Library,» and then the National Library of Israel.
1930 — (19 Tammuz 5690) The cornerstone of the permanent Mahane Yehuda market in Jerusalem was laid
1936 — (25th of Tammuz, 5698) It was reported today that according to the United Palestine Appeal, 14,707 Jewish immigrants reached Palestine from January 1, 1936 through April 30, 1936
1938 — (16th of Tammuz, 5763) Нolocaust. At Evian, France, the international conference on refugees came to an end.
1938 — (16 Tammuz 5698) A terrorist attack occurred. A bomb exploded in the Old City market of Jerusalem, planted by the Etzel. Ten people were killed, and more than 30 were injured.
1941 — (20 Tammuz 5701) The Holocaust. The Daugavpils ghetto was established.
1941 — (20 Tammuz 5701) The Holocaust. In Yaryshev (Vinnytsia region), 25 Jews were killed, and in Zolotoy Potok (Ternopil region), 50 Poles and Jews were killed. On the same day, approximately 200 Jews were killed in Husiatyn, 110 Jews in Khorostkiv, and 36 Jews in Zaloztsy (Ternopil region). From this day, Jews in Lviv were required to wear special armbands
1942 — (1st of Av, 5702) Нolocaust. One thousand Jews from Moczadz were taken to the woods and shot dead; One thousand Jews were murdered in Bereza Kartuska, Belerus in the Soviet Union.
1945 — (5 Av 5705) The Jewish community of Berlin was restored. In early 1946, the community numbered 7,070 people, of whom 4,121 (over 90% of all families) were in mixed marriages. 1,320 Jews survived by hiding during the war, and 1,628 returned from concentration camps
1948 — (8th of Tammuz, 5708) War of Independence. ….. Still seeking a way to reach Tel Aviv, the Egyptians attacked Be’erot Yitzhak. In a day long desperate fight, the outnumbered defenders drove off the Egyptians. As the Egyptians retreated, seventeen of the Israeli fighter lay dead and all of the settlement’s buildings had been destroyed. Tel Aviv was saved, but the cost was high; Continuing their drive for Nazareth, Israeli forces take Zippori after fierce fighting; Israeli forces renewed their attempts to retake the Old City by launching attacks on the New Gate, the Jaffa Gate and the Zion Gate, none of which would prove successful; During Operation Dekel, Israeli planes attacked the village of Saffuriya; Israeli forces began another attack on the Latrun Fortress, the Jordanian held military installation that was blocking the road to Jerusalem
1951 — (11th of Tammuz, 5711) Ted Lurie, The Jerusalem Post reporter and future editor, visited Eilat and described the difficulties facing the new settlers. There was no bakery, the water tasted rusty and caused diarrhea, there was no facility to chill water or bottled drinks. But a large cold-storage plant was being planned to make the import of meat from East Africa possible
1952 — (22 Tammuz 5712) Israel. 1,000 tons of meat arrived from Argentina. However, the distribution of meat by ration cards did not take place because there were no certificates of kosher slaughter.
1958 — (27 Tammuz 5718) David Ben-Gurion put an end to the Knesset discussion on who is a Jew by proposing that the nationality of children be recorded according to the wishes of their parents.
1960 — (20 Tammuz 5720) Employees of El Al announced a strike with economic demands. It lasted for 10 days
1967 — (7th of Tammuz, 5727) During the War of Attrition an Israeli Air Force Mirage III is shot down by Egyptian MiG-21
1986 — (8 Tammuz 5746) In Tel Aviv, at the Zina Dizengoff Square, a new «Fire and Water» was opened at the site of the old fountain
People
1572 — (5th of Av, 5332) Isaac Luria passed away
1738 — (9 Av 5498) In St. Petersburg, Lieutenant A. Voznitsyn was burned for converting to Judaism, and B. Leibov, allegedly his seducer, was also executed.
1883 — (10 Tammuz 5643) Sarah Schenirer was born, the founder of Orthodox schools for Jewish girls in Poland in 1918. She died on March 1, 1935. Today, the «Beit Yaakov» system includes kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, and vocational schools. They are located in many cities in Israel and in various countries around the world where there are large Jewish communities.
1904 — Dorothy Fields was born — a poet and author of many popular musicals and songs in the US. She died on March 24, 1974.
1913 — (10 Tammuz 5673) Abram Sutzkever was born — one of the greatest poets in Yiddish. He died on January 20, 2010.
1944 — (24th of Tammuz, 5704) Birthdate of Kobi Oshrat an Israeli composer and conductor who composed and conducted the winning entry at the 1979 Eurovision Song Contest Hallelujah sung by Gali Atari and Milk and Honey
2003 — (15th of Tammuz, 5763) Amir Simhon, 24, of Bat Yam was killed when a Palestinian armed with a long-bladed knife stabbed passersby on Tel Aviv’s beachfront promenade, after a security guard prevented him from entering the Tarabin cafe and was wounded. The terrorist, who was shot and apprehended, is a member of the Fatah Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades